Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 33, No. 4

• I Remember Well: Thirty-Five Years of the Kutztown Folk Festival • Furniture Graining • Old Fashioned Clear Toy Candy • Metal Etching • Stenciling • Baskets and Basket Weavers • Apple Butter: Then and Now • Festival Focus • Festival Programs • 20th Annual Quilting Contest • Quilts and Quilt Marking • The Art of the Pennsylvania Dutch • Music on the Main Stage • Scratchboard • Pennsylvania Dutch Folk Art in Wood • The Windsor Chair • Hex Signshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag/1104/thumbnail.jp

Timpani: New Suggestions for Excerpt Practice Based on a Survey of Literature

This dissertation examines and critiques timpani instruction literature with a focus on timpani technique. It begins with an historical account of the origins of modern timpani. What follows is a look at the development of technique through documented timpani instruction beginning with Johann Ernst Altenburg’s treatise from 1795. Based on material examined in a literature survey of instructional texts from the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, an examination of basic timpani technique and symphonic repertoire is presented in relation to discussions with four professional timpanists. Ian Bernard (Former Principal Timpanist of the National Arts Centre Orchestra), Tom Greenleaves (Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra), Brian Jones (Dallas Symphony Orchestra) and Benedickt Leithner (Deutsche Oper Berlin) all comment on timpani instruction literature, discuss ways it could be enhanced, and share their opinions on technique. Conclusions are drawn challenging the efficacy of timpani instructional literature with particular emphasis on lacunae. In a brief appendix, selected material from violin and trumpet literature is discussed in relation to timpani literature. A second appendix offers new suggestions for technical development related to orchestral timpani parts.Ph

The Discovery, Preclinical, and Early Clinical Development of Potent and Selective GPR40 Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (LY2881835, LY2922083, and LY2922470)

The G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) also known as free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) is highly expressed in pancreatic, islet β-cells and responds to endogenous fatty acids, resulting in amplification of insulin secretion only in the presence of elevated glucose levels. Hypothesis driven structural modifications to endogenous FFAs, focused on breaking planarity and reducing lipophilicity, led to the identification of spiropiperidine and tetrahydroquinoline acid derivatives as GPR40 agonists with unique pharmacology, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties. Compounds <b>1</b> (LY2881835), <b>2</b> (LY2922083), and <b>3</b> (LY2922470) demonstrated potent, efficacious, and durable dose-dependent reductions in glucose levels along with significant increases in insulin and GLP-1 secretion during preclinical testing. A clinical study with <b>3</b> administered to subjects with T2DM provided proof of concept of <b>3</b> as a potential glucose-lowering therapy. This manuscript summarizes the scientific rationale, medicinal chemistry, preclinical, and early development data of this new class of GPR40 agonists