83 research outputs found
Frequent Cross-Species Transmission of Parvoviruses among Diverse Carnivore Hosts
Although parvoviruses are commonly described in domestic carnivores, little is known about their biodiversity in nondomestic species. A phylogenetic analysis of VP2 gene sequences from puma, coyote, gray wolf, bobcat, raccoon, and striped skunk revealed two major groups related to either feline panleukopenia virus (“FPV-like”) or canine parvovirus (“CPV-like”). Crossspecies transmission was commonplace, with multiple introductions into each host species but, with the exception of raccoons, relatively little evidence for onward transmission in nondomestic species
Coxiella burnetii in Bulk Tank Milk Samples, United States
Dairy cattle are a primary reservoir of Coxiella burnetii, which causes Q fever. However, no recent nationwide studies have assessed the prevalence and risks of Q fever in dairy cattle. We report ≥94% prevalence in samples of bulk tank milk from U.S. dairy herds tested during the past 3 years
Pneumovirus in Dogs with Acute Respiratory Disease
To determine which respiratory viruses circulate among confined dogs, we analyzed nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens from shelter dogs with acute respiratory disease. An unknown virus was isolated. Monoclonal antibody testing indicated that it was probably a pneumovirus. PCR and sequence analysis indicated that it was closely related to murine pneumovirus
Characterization of novel canine bocaviruses and their association with respiratory disease
We report the first identification, genetic characterization and disease association studies of several novel species of canine bocaviruses (CBoV). Evolutionary analysis confirmed that CBoV are genetically distinct from the only other known canine bocavirus, minute virus of canines, with which they share less than 63, 62 and 64 % protein identity in NS, NP and VP genes, respectively. Comparative genetic analysis of 37 VP gene variants found in diseased and healthy animals showed that these novel viruses are genetically highly diverse and are common in canine respiratory infections that have remained undetected until now. Interestingly, we observed that a CBoV genotype with a unique deletion in the VP2 gene was significantly more prevalent in animals with respiratory diseases compared with healthy animals
Influenza A Virus (H3N8) in Dogs with Respiratory Disease, Florida
Genetic and antigenic characterization established the uniqueness of this virus circulating in dogs
Influenza A Virus (H3N8) in Dogs with Respiratory Disease, Florida
Genetic and antigenic characterization established the uniqueness of this virus circulating in dogs
Transmission ecology of canine parvovirus in a multi-host, multi-pathogen system
Understanding multi-host pathogen maintenance and transmission dynamics is critical for
disease control. However, transmission dynamics remain enigmatic largely because they are
difficult to observe directly, particularly in wildlife. Here, we investigate the transmission
dynamics of canine parvovirus (CPV) using state-space modelling of 20-years of CPV serology
data from domestic dogs and African lions in the Serengeti ecosystem. We show that, although
vaccination reduces the probability of infection in dogs, and despite indirect enhancement of
population seropositivity as a result of vaccine shedding, the vaccination coverage achieved
has been insufficient to prevent CPV from becoming widespread. CPV is maintained by the
dog population and has become endemic with ~3.5-year cycles and prevalence reaching ~80%.
While the estimated prevalence in lions is lower, peaks of infection consistently follow those
in dogs. Dogs exposed to CPV are also more likely to become infected with a second multihost
pathogen, canine distemper virus. However, vaccination can weaken this coupling raising
questions about the value of monovalent versus polyvalent vaccines against these two
pathogens. Our findings highlight the need to consider both pathogen- and host-level
community interactions when seeking to understand the dynamics of multi-host pathogens and
their implications for conservation, disease surveillance and control programmes
Discovery and Genomic Characterization of Noroviruses from a Gastroenteritis Outbreak in Domestic Cats in the US
Norovirus (NoV) RNA was detected in the stools of 6 out 14 (42.8%) 8–12-week-old cats with enteritis from a feline shelter, in New York State. Upon sequence analysis of the complete capsid, the six NoVs were found to be identical, suggesting the spread of a unique NoV strain in the shelter. The full-length genomic sequence (7839 nt) of one feline NoV, CU081210E/2010/US, was determined. In the capsid protein VP1 region, the virus displayed the highest amino acid identity to animal genogroup IV genotype 2 (GIV.2) NoVs: lion/Pistoia-387/06/IT (97.9%) and dog/Bari-170/07/IT (90.4%). These findings document the discovery of a novel feline calicivirus, different from vesiviruses, and extend the spectrum of NoV host range. Epidemiological studies using feline NoV-specific diagnostic tools and experimental infection of cats are required to understand whether NoVs have a pathogenic role in this species
Recommended from our members
Viral testing of 10 cases of Theiler's disease and 37 in-contact horses in the absence of equine biologic product administration: A prospective study (2014-2018)
Background A novel equine parvovirus (EqPV-H) was recently discovered in the equine liver with Theiler's disease. Objectives To determine the prevalence of EqPV-H infection in naturally occurring Theiler's disease cases and in-contact horses in the absence of historical equine biologic product administration. Animals Ten cases of Theiler's disease from 6 separate properties were included in the study, based on the criteria of acute onset of clinical signs of liver failure with laboratory or histopathologic findings characteristic of Theiler's disease and no history of receiving an equine biologic product within the preceding 4 months. In addition, 37 in-contact horses from 4 of the 6 properties were screened for EqPV-H infection and hepatitis. Methods In prospective case series, cases were diagnosed with Theiler's disease by the attending veterinarian and were tested for EqPV-H by PCR of liver or serum. In-contact horses were assessed via serum chemistry and PCR at the attending veterinarian's discretion. Hepatitis was defined as serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity above reference interval. The association of EqPV-H with hepatitis was determined by Fisher's exact test. Results Nine of 10 (90%) Theiler's disease cases and 54% of tested in-contact horses were EqPV-H positive. Hepatitis was significantly associated with EqPV-H infection (P = .036). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Although further study is required to identify EqPV-H as the causative agent of Theiler's disease, EqPV-H appears strongly associated with cases of fatal Theiler's disease and subclinical hepatitis in horses in contact with those cases. The prevalence of EqPV-H infection on affected properties can be high
- …