THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF USE OF ELECTROSHOCK WEAPON

Currently, the use of firearms and special devices by law enforcement agencies in civilised democracies is strictly determined in accordance with the current legislation on the use of firearms and special devices. Their illegitimate or unauthorised application causes censure and sparks public outcry. Nevertheless, sometimes situations arise in which it is difficult and problematic for a law enforcement officer to make the right decision on the use of firearms, physical force, special devices and military working dogs. At the moment, the officers of the Latvian Border Guard are often simply unable to resist the illegal actions of offenders, since the current legislation is not always capable of justifying the lawful actions of the border guard. Also, sometimes the specific character of duty performance (a large crowd of people, the proximity of the state border) makes it impossible to use firearms. At the same time, the lack of regular training on the practical use of special devices (stack, handcuffs and others) significantly reduces the chances of their successful use by the Latvian Border Guard officers. Bearing and using electroshock weapons, and specifically stun guns of the TASER type, will significantly increase the level of security of the Latvian Border Guard staff, and will also allow the use of stun guns to ensure public order without risk to others and with minimal risk to the offender. The stun guns will allow you to blur the lines between physical abilities and the degree of physical fitness of the border guard and the offender, as a result of which a fragile girl - border guard can easily neutralise a raging athlete who is trying to disrupt public order and border control order with minimal harm.

IBD prevalence in Baltic states or just a guessing game?

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Robust optimization approach for mixed numerical/experimental identification of elastic properties of orthotropic composite plates

This paper describes a method for determination of elastic parameters (elastic moduli and Poisson’s ratio) of orthotropic composite plate-type structural elements using the results of natural frequency measurements. The identification of parameter values is provided by minimization of weighted squared difference (discrepancy) between physically measured frequencies and natural frequencies calculated by Finite Element Method. The metamodels for the frequency dependence on the elastic parameters and other geometrical and physical parameters of test specimens, including parameters with uncertainty (“noisy constants”) are built using experimental designs optimized according to the Mean Squared Error space filling criterion and third-order polynomial approximations. The minimum of weighted squared difference is found using the multistart random search method. The expressions for standard deviations of identified parameters depending on deviations of “noisy constants” are derived using linearized metamodels. The expressions for identification errors allow the statement of the identification task as a robust minimization problem by simultaneous minimization of the discrepancy function and standard deviations of the identified values by varying the values of unknown elastic parameters and weighting coefficients for different frequencies. The partial scaling of natural frequencies is used for the reduction of the uncertainty impact on the identification error. This allows to reduce the identification error of elastic moduli about two times and Poisson’s ratio about 20 times in comparison with the results obtained by using dimensioned frequencies

ECOLOGICALLY SAFE TECHNOLOGIES OF GRASS FEED PRODUCTION

The aim of the research was to find out the possibilities for reducing the prime cost of environmentally safe technologies fo the preparation of herbaceous fodder by improving technical means. During the recent years, on major individual and co? operative farms there is being introduced a perspective roll technology of processing wilted green grass with subsequent sealing of rolls m a flexible film. The advantages of the green grass processing technology with subsequent sealing of rolls in a flexible film are: - environmental safety o f the technology (exclusion of pollution with silo saps, absence o f odour nuisance, absence o f compounds m the feed that are detrimental to animals and formed during the common siloing, its low acidity); - considerably lower dependence of forage processing on weather conditions, complete mechanisation of engineering processes; - the forage can be processed in small quantities, and for its storage no specialised containers are needed, which is a valuable feature for small farms; - increased nutritive value and good gustative qualities providing a possibility of essential raising the yields of milk and its quality (retention of all nutrients and vitamins), insignificant losses of nutrients during the harvesting and storage period (not more than 10-15%)

ENVIROMENT-FRIENDLY FARMING PROJECTS IN LATGALE

By evaluating the strong and the weak points o f the Latgale region we can assert that its power lies in its natural resources which are luxurious in their mild modesty, with the best-preserved environmental originality in the north-eastern part o f Eutrope. The weak point of Latgale is the poverty of the population and disarrayed infrastructure. To eliminate the weakness, balanced education o f the population is needed, as well as profitable farming projects and support investments. A co-operation project was worked out by the Latvian Council o f Science “Optimisation o f the economic and social development of Latgale During four years “Foundations o f farming in Latgale ” have been developed. This report deals with what has been done; in monographs, available just here, the members of the conference can obtain detailed information

RANGE OF PROBLEMS OF THE SERVICE ORGANIZATION AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR THE BORDER CONTROL UNITS

The authors of this paper describe the current situation in the Border Control Units of the State Border Guard of the Republic of Latvia and, based on the study of regulatory enactments, summarize the service information on the development of the concept of border control in the international law, the essence of its implementation, the principles and mechanisms of the establishment of the infrastructure and engineering equipment that is necessary for the state border control, as well as the role of the border control in the framework of the cooperation

ENERGY DISPERSION X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

Environmental monitoring is aimed mostly at pollution levels change tendency estimation and high sensitive analysis methods are applied for this purpose. X-Ray fluorescence analysis (RFA) allows getting information of metal content in ten or hundred seconds. The analyzers with Si(Li) detectors were used for measurements. Our report deals with some examples which are given as new RFA methods (with secondary target) application in the laboratory and field conditions

ELECTRONIC INVOICING

The aim of the article is to explore the specificity of electronic billing in the Republic of Latvia and other countries of the European Union, to compare it, establish the issues related to the use of electronic bills as well as elaborate suggestions to prevent them. As a result of the work the authors elaborated suggestions for a conception of electronic bills, analysed the advantages and potential benefits of the offered conception