Sambandet mellan psykisk ohälsa och hälsorelaterade levnadsvanor bland kvinnor och män i en skånsk befolkning

Bakgrund: Daglig rökning och låg fysisk aktivitet på fritiden är betydligt högre bland individer med psykisk ohälsa. Syfte: Att undersöka dessa samband i ett köns- och socioekonomiskt perspektiv, samt eventuellt finna bakomliggande orsaker. Metod: Använder data från en tvärsnittsstudie (Folkhälsoenkät, Skåne 2000) med en representativ population (n = 11 304) i åldern 18-65. Huvudvariabler är självrapporterad daglig rökning och låg fysisk aktivitet, samt psykisk ohälsa som bedöms via General Health Questionnaire-12. Analyser gjordes med logistisk regression för att få oddskvoter och kontrollera för möjliga confounders. Resultat: Samband finns mellan psykisk ohälsa och daglig rökning, respektive låg fysisk aktivitet bland båda könen, och bland socioekonomiska grupper. Kvinnor har signifikant lägre oddskvoter gällande båda sambanden. Individer med psykisk ohälsa har fler ofördelaktiga levnadsvanor än de med ej psykisk ohälsa, oavsett socioekonomisk status. Ingen signifikant skillnad upptäcktes mellan socioekonomiska grupper vid jämförelse av oddskvoter gällande låg fysisk aktivitet, bland kvinnor med ej psykisk ohälsa. Slutsatser: Studien har bekräftat sambandet psykisk ohälsa och daglig rökning, respektive låg fysisk aktivitet, bland båda könen och inom olika socioekonomiska grupper.Title: The relationship between mental ill-health and health related lifestyle habits among women and men in a scanian population Background: Daily smoking and low leisure time physical activity prevalence are higher among individuals with mental ill-health. Aim: To investigate these relationships in a gender- and socioeconomic perspective, together with possible underlying mechanisms. Methods: Using data from a cross-sectional survey (Scania public health survey, 2000) with a representative sample (n = 11 304), aged 18-65. Included were selfreported daily smoking, low leisure time physical activity, and mental health measured by the General Health Questionnaire-12. Logistic regression analyses were performed to get odds ratios (OR), and to adjust for potential confounding factors. Results: Daily smoking and low leisure time physical activity were found to be associated with mental ill-health, among both sexes. Women had significantly lower OR than men with regard to both relationships. Individuals with mental illhealth had more unfavourable lifestyle habits than individuals without, independently of socioeconomic status. There were no significant differences between socioeconomic groups when comparing OR for low leisure time physical activity among women without mental ill-health. Conclusions: This study confirms the relationships of mental ill-health and daily smoking, and low leisure time physical activity, among both sexes and within different socioeconomic groups. Key words: mental health; daily smoking; low leisure time physical activity; General Health Questionnaire-12; gender; socioeconomic status; etnicity; crosssectional study

8‑Functionalization of Alkyl-Substituted-3,8-Dimethyl BODIPYs by Knoevenagel Condensation

New 8-alkenylBODIPYs have been synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation between a series of alkyl-substituted-3,8-dimethylBODIPYs and aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes. This is in clear contrast with literature precedents, which indicate that this reaction occurs exclusively on the methyl group at C-3. The change in hybridization of the carbon at the 8-position (from sp³ to sp²) determines the fluorescence emission of the BODIPY, while the presence of electron-donating or -withdrawing groups leads to intramolecular charge transfer processes

8‑Functionalization of Alkyl-Substituted-3,8-Dimethyl BODIPYs by Knoevenagel Condensation

New 8-alkenylBODIPYs have been synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation between a series of alkyl-substituted-3,8-dimethylBODIPYs and aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes. This is in clear contrast with literature precedents, which indicate that this reaction occurs exclusively on the methyl group at C-3. The change in hybridization of the carbon at the 8-position (from sp³ to sp²) determines the fluorescence emission of the BODIPY, while the presence of electron-donating or -withdrawing groups leads to intramolecular charge transfer processes

8‑Functionalization of Alkyl-Substituted-3,8-Dimethyl BODIPYs by Knoevenagel Condensation

New 8-alkenylBODIPYs have been synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation between a series of alkyl-substituted-3,8-dimethylBODIPYs and aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes. This is in clear contrast with literature precedents, which indicate that this reaction occurs exclusively on the methyl group at C-3. The change in hybridization of the carbon at the 8-position (from sp³ to sp²) determines the fluorescence emission of the BODIPY, while the presence of electron-donating or -withdrawing groups leads to intramolecular charge transfer processes

8‑Functionalization of Alkyl-Substituted-3,8-Dimethyl BODIPYs by Knoevenagel Condensation

New 8-alkenylBODIPYs have been synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation between a series of alkyl-substituted-3,8-dimethylBODIPYs and aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes. This is in clear contrast with literature precedents, which indicate that this reaction occurs exclusively on the methyl group at C-3. The change in hybridization of the carbon at the 8-position (from sp³ to sp²) determines the fluorescence emission of the BODIPY, while the presence of electron-donating or -withdrawing groups leads to intramolecular charge transfer processes

8‑Functionalization of Alkyl-Substituted-3,8-Dimethyl BODIPYs by Knoevenagel Condensation

New 8-alkenylBODIPYs have been synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation between a series of alkyl-substituted-3,8-dimethylBODIPYs and aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes. This is in clear contrast with literature precedents, which indicate that this reaction occurs exclusively on the methyl group at C-3. The change in hybridization of the carbon at the 8-position (from sp³ to sp²) determines the fluorescence emission of the BODIPY, while the presence of electron-donating or -withdrawing groups leads to intramolecular charge transfer processes

Selective Lateral Lithiation of Methyl BODIPYs: Synthesis, Photophysics, and Electrochemistry of New <i>Meso</i> Derivatives

Selected <i>meso</i> BODIPYs (chemically reactive, difficult to obtain by established procedures, or photophysically or electrochemically attractive) have been obtained by unprecedented selective lateral lithiation of 8-methylBODIPYs. The physical study of the obtained new <i>meso</i> BODIPYs reveals interesting tunable properties related to the activation of intramolecular charge-transfer processes, endorsing the new synthetic methodology as useful for the development of smarter BODIPY dyes for technological applications

End-to-End Automated Synthesis of C(sp³)‑Enriched Drug-like Molecules <i>via</i> Negishi Coupling and Novel, Automated Liquid–Liquid Extraction

Herein, we report an end-to-end process including synthesis, work-up, purification, and post-purification with minimal human intervention using Negishi coupling as a key transformation to increase Fsp3 in bioactive molecules. The main advantages of this protocol are twofold. First, the automated sequential generation of organozinc reagents from readily available alkyl halides offers a large diversity of alkyl groups to functionalize (hetero)aryl halide scaffolds via Pd-catalyzed Negishi coupling in continuous flow. Second, a fully automated liquid–liquid extraction has been developed and successfully applied for unattended operations. The workflow was completed with mass-triggered preparative high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC, providing an efficient production line of compounds with enriched sp3 character and better drug-like properties. The modular nature allows a smooth adaptation to a wide variety of synthetic methods and protocols and makes it applicable to any medchem laboratory

Using Inclusion Complexes with Cyclodextrins To Explore the Aggregation Behavior of a Ruthenium Metallosurfactant

The aggregation behavior of a chiral metallosurfactant, bis­(2,2′-bipyridine)­(4,4′-ditridecyl-2,2′-bipyridine)­ruthenium­(II) dichloride (Ru₂⁴C₁₃), synthesized as a racemic mixture was characterized by small-angle neutron scattering, light scattering, NMR, and electronic spectroscopies. The analysis of the SANS data indicates that micelles are prolate ellipsoids over the range of concentrations studied, with a relatively low aggregation number, and the micellization takes place gradually with increasing concentration. The presence of cyclodextrins (β-CD and γ-CD) induces the breakup of the micelles and helps to establish that micellization occurs at a very slow exchange rate compared to the NMR time scale. The open structure of this metallosurfactant enables the formation of very stable complexes of 3:1 stoichiometry, in which one CD threads one of the hydrocarbon tails and two CDs the other, in close contact with the polar head. The complex formed with β-CD, more stable than the one formed with the wider γ-CD, is capable of resolving the Δ and Λ enantiomers at high CD/surfactant molar ratios. The chiral recognition is possible due to the very specific interactions taking place when the β-CD coversvia its secondary rimpart of the diimine moiety connected to the hydrophobic tails. A SANS model comprising a binary mixture of hard spheres (complex + micelles) was successfully used to study quantitatively the effect of the CDs on the aggregation of the surfactant

In Search of the Perfect Photocage: Structure–Reactivity Relationships in <i>meso</i>-Methyl BODIPY Photoremovable Protecting Groups

A detailed investigation of the photophysical parameters and photochemical reactivity of <i>meso</i>-methyl BODIPY photoremovable protecting groups was accomplished through systematic variation of the leaving group (LG) and core substituents as well as substitutions at boron. Efficiencies of the LG release were evaluated using both steady-state and transient absorption spectroscopies as well as computational analyses to identify the optimal structural features. We find that the quantum yields for photorelease with this photocage are highly sensitive to substituent effects. In particular, we find that the quantum yields of photorelease are improved with derivatives with higher intersystem crossing quantum yields, which can be promoted by core heavy atoms. Moreover, release quantum yields are dramatically improved by boron alkylation, whereas alkylation in the <i>meso</i>-methyl position has no effect. Better LGs are released considerably more efficiently than poorer LGs. We find that these substituent effects are additive, for example, a 2,6-diiodo-<i>B</i>-dimethyl BODIPY photocage features quantum yields of 28% for the mediocre LG acetate and a 95% quantum yield of release for chloride. The high chemical and quantum yields combined with the outstanding absorption properties of BODIPY dyes lead to photocages with uncaging cross sections over 10 000 M^–1 cm^–1, values that surpass cross sections of related photocages absorbing visible light. These new photocages, which absorb strongly near the second harmonic of an Nd:YAG laser (532 nm), hold promise for manipulating and interrogating biological and material systems with the high spatiotemporal control provided by pulsed laser irradiation, while avoiding the phototoxicity problems encountered with many UV-absorbing photocages. More generally, the insights gained from this structure–reactivity relationship may aid in the development of new highly efficient photoreactions