Healing of root perforations treated with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Portland cement

Avaliou-se o reparo de perfurações em dentes de cães, tratadas com ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus e cimento Portland branco. As perfurações foram feitas na região de furca de premolares, superiores e inferiores, com broca STP 58 sob refrigeração com soro fisiólogico. Os animais foram mortos após 90 dias e os dentes foram preparados para análise microscópica pela coloração da hematoxilina e eosina. Os três materiais propiciaram o selamento da perfuração com tecido mineralizado e o teste de Kruskal-Wallis demostrou não haver diferença estatística entre eles.Fourteen root perforations were performed for microscopic evaluation of the repair of interradicular tissue in dogs' teeth. These perforations were accomplished at low-speed with a STP 58 bur at the cervical third of the mesial root toward the furcation under irrigation with saline solution, followed by immediate sealing with ProRoot MTA, MTA-Angelus and white Portland cement. The dogs were killed after 90 days, revealing good results. The Kruskal-Wallis test did not demonstrate any statistically significant difference. It was concluded that the three materials showed good sealing in mineralized tissue, with complete closure, and they were free of inflammation in most teeth

The sealing ability of MTA apical plugs exposed to a phosphate-buffered saline

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of exposure of the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) - with and without calcium chloride (CaCl2) - to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) on the apical microleakage using a glucose leakage system. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty root segments were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (n=15). After resecting the apical segments and enlarging the canals with Gates-Glidden drills, the apical cavities were filled with MTA with or without CaCl2 and the root canals were dressed with a moistened cotton pellet or PBS, as follows: 1) MTA/cotton pellet; 2) MTA/PBS; 3) MTA+10%CaCl2/cotton pellet; 4) MTA+10%CaCl2/PBS. All root segments were introduced in floral foams moistened with PBS. After 2 months, all root segments were prepared to evaluate the glucose leakage along the apical plugs. The amount of glucose leakage was measured following an enzymatic reaction and quantified by a spectrophotometer. Four roots were used as controls. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p;0.05), and 3 and 4 (p>;0.05). The addition of CaCl2 to the MTA significantly decreased its sealing ability (

Dental and composite resin discoloration induced by different hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements: two-year in vitro assessment

Few long-term studies assess the discoloration induced by hydraulic calcium silicate-based cement on dental structures. In addition, as far as we know, no long-term study has assessed the discoloration induced by these cement on composite resin. Objective: This in vitro study aimed to assess, during a period of two years, the discoloration potential of different hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements (hCSCs) on the enamel/dentin structure and composite resin restoration. Methodology: A total of 40 enamel/dentin discs were obtained from bovine incisors, and 40 composite resin discs (10 mm in diameter × 2 mm thick) were fabricated. A 0.8 mm-deep cavity was made in the center of each disc and filled with the following hCSCs (n=10): Original MTA (Angelus); MTA Repair HP (Angelus); NeoMTA Plus (Avalon); and Biodentine (Septodont). An initial color measurement was performed (T0 - baseline). After 7, 15, 30, 45, 90, 300 days, and two years, new color measurements were performed to determine the color (ΔE00), lightness (ΔL’), chroma (ΔC’), hue differences (ΔH’), and whiteness index (WID). Results: For enamel/dentin, the ΔE00 was significant among groups and periods (p<0.05). NeoMTA Plus had the greatest ΔE00. The NeoMTA Plus group had the greatest ΔE00 after two years for composite resin. Significant reduction in lightness was observed for all groups after two years (p<0.05). The most significant WID values were observed after 30 days for Biodentine (enamel/dentin) and MTA Repair HP groups (composite resin) (p<0.05). Conclusions: The hCSCs changed the colorimetric behavior of both substrates, leading to greater darkening over time. The Bi2O3 in the Original MTA seems relevant in the short periods of color change assessment

Evaluation of the reaction of subcutaneous tissue of rats to implantation of white MTA and white Portland cement with radiopacifiers

O MTA por apresentar boas propriedades físico-químicas e biológicas é indicado como material retrobturador. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, microscopicamente, a resposta do tecido subcutâneo de ratos frente à implantação de tubos de polietileno contendo novas formulações desse material: ProRoot MTA®, MTA Branco® contendo dois tipos de radiopacificadores e cimento Portland branco com óxido de bismuto. Foram utilizados 36 ratos (Rattus norvegicus), divididos em 12 animais para cada período experimental. Cada animal recebeu quatro implantes de tubos de polietileno, preenchidos com os materiais recém-espatulados de um lado, e do outro guta-percha (controle). Após 15, 30 e 60 dias os animais foram mortos e os espécimes foram preparados para análise microscópica. Os resultados mostraram inflamação crônica granulomatosa induzida pelos materiais, com intensidade moderada a discreta, e organização e espessamento de uma cápsula fibrosa com o passar do tempo. Os cimentos induziram respostas teciduais semelhantes, mesmo com radiopacificadores diferentes na composição.Because of its good physicochemical and biological properties, MTA is indicated as a material for retrograde obturations. The aim of this study was to microscopically evaluate the response of the subcutaneous tissue of rats to the implantation of polyethylene tubes containing new formulations of this material: ProRoot MTA®, White MTA® containing two types of radiopacifiers, and white Portland cement with bismuth oxide. Thirtysix rats (Rattus norvegicus) were employed, which were divided into 12 animals for each study period. Each animal received 4 implants of polyethylene tubes filled with the recently prepared materials at one side, and gutta-percha at the other side (control). After 15, 30 and 60 days, the animals were killed and the specimens were prepared for microscopic analysis. The results demonstrated granulomatous chronic inflammation induced by the materials, of moderate to mild intensity, and organization and thickening of a fibrous capsule with time. The cements induced similar tissue responses, despite the presence of different radiopacifiers in their composition

Influência do cloreto de cálcio no tempo de presa, solubilidade, desintegração, pH e atividade antimicrobiana do MTA e do cimento Portland branco com radiopacificador

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do acréscimo de 10% de cloreto de cálcio (CaCl2) no tempo de presa, solubilidade, desintegração, pH e atividade antimicrobiana do MTA Branco (MTA) e cimento Portland branco com radiopacificador (CPB). O ProRoot MTA (PRO), com e sem CaCl2, também foi incluído no teste de atividade antimicrobiana. O teste do tempo de presa inicial seguiu a especificação #57 da ADA e o do tempo de presa final a da ASTM (C266-03). Para os testes de solubilidade, desintegração e pH foram utilizados 6 anéis de teflon para cada cimento, medindo 4 mm de espessura e 12 mm de diâmetro interno com parede de 2 mm. Depois de preenchidos, os anéis foram mantidos por 24 e 72 h e 7, 14 e 28 dias em água MiliQ, que foi renovada no fim de cada período. Após cada período, os cimentos foram desidratados em dessecador com sílica por 24 h. Foi registrado o peso de cada cimento hidratado e desidratado. O pH da água onde os cimentos permaneceram imersos foi medido por um pHmetro. A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada pela técnica da difusão em ágar, empregando o método do poço. Os microrganismos utilizados foram procedentes da ATCC: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus epidermidis. O acréscimo do CaCl2 proporcionou uma diminuição de 50% do tempo de presa inicial dos cimentos. Já o tempo de presa final do MTA foi diminuído em 35,5% e o do CPB em 68,5%. Os resultados do teste de solubilidade mostraram que o MTA+CaCl2 absorveu água e não perdeu peso com o passar do tempo, exceto no período de 24 h. O MTA, tanto hidratado quanto desidratado, perdeu peso, mas com valores aceitáveis pela ADA. O CPB apresentou maior solubilidade, a qual foi diretamente proporcional ao tempo de imersão das amostras. Entretanto, o acréscimo do CaCl2 ao CPB diminuiu...The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of adding 10% calcium chloride (CaCl2) on the setting time, solubility and dissolution, pH, and antimicrobial activity of white MTA (MTA) and Portland cement with radioopacifier (CPB). ProRoot MTA (PRO) with and without CaCl2 was also included in the antimicrobial activity test. Setting time testing followed the specification #57 of ADA and final setting time testing was made according to C266-03 ASTM standard. Six teflon rings (4 mm thickness, 12 mm internal diameter, 2 mm height) used for the solubility, dissolution, and pH tests were stored in deionized water for 24h, 72 h, 7d, 14d, and 28d, which was renewed at the end of each storage period. After the storage periods, the specimens were dehydrated in a desiccator containing silica gel for 24h. The specimens were weighted before and after dehydration and pH of water was measured using a pH-meter. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using an Agar well diffusion technique. The following microorganisms were used: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC). Adding of CaCl2 yielded a 50% reduction of the initial setting of the cements. Final setting time of MTA cement was reduced approximately 35.5% and CPB's final setting time was reduced by 68.5%. Solubility results have shown that the MTA+ CaCl2 absorbed water and did not lost weight with time, except for the 24h-storage period. Hydrated and dehydrated MTA presented weight loss, but within acceptable limits stated by ADA. CPB presented greater solubility, proportional to the immersion time, i.e., the greater the storage period the greater the weight loss. However, adding CaCl2 to the CPB did not decrease the solubility. Both CPB and CPB+ CaCl2 did not satisfy ADA requirements. (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Marginal gingiva discoloration by gray MTA: A case report

Perforation of the root canal during insertion of an intracanal post is a complication of endodontic therapy. Mineral trixoide aggregate (MTA) has been successfully used a sealer in these situations. This material has recently been formulated in white color, allowing its application in areas of esthetic concern. This is a clinical case report of a root perforation sealed with gray MTA that resulted in discoloration of the marginal gingiva. Treatment consisted of replacing gray MTA with white MTA with the aid of a dental operating microscope, producing satisfactory esthetic results

Radiographic effect of different radiopacifiers on a potential retrograde filling material

Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of white Portland cement (PC) associated with bismuth oxide (Bi(2)O(3)), barium sulfate (BaSO(4)), iodoform (CHI(3)), and zirconium oxide (ZrO(2)). White mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) and PC without radiopacifier were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.Study design. Following International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 6876/2001, 5 circular specimens (10 x 1 mm) were made from each material. After the materials set, radiographs were taken using occlusal film and a graduated aluminum step-wedge varying in thickness from 2 to 16 mm. The dental X-ray unit (GE1000) was set at 50 Kvp, 10 mA, 18 pulses/s, and distance of 33.5 cm. The radiographs were digitized, and radiopacity was compared with the aluminum step-wedge, using Wixwin-2000 software (Gendex). Data (mm Al) were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey tests.Results. The PC + Bi(2)O(3) and WMTA samples presented greater radiopacity (5.88 and 5.72 mm Al, respectively), followed by PC + ZrO(2) (3.87 mm Al) and PC + CHI(3) (3.50 mm Al). The PC + BaSO(4) and PC samples presented the lowest radiopacity values (2.35 and 1.69 mm Al, respectively), which were below the minimum value recommended by the ISO.Conclusion. Analysis of the present results led to the conclusion that all of the materials tested presented acceptable radiopacity, except PC + BaSO(4) and pure PC. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 108: 628-632

Solvent capacity of different substances on gutta-percha and resilon

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 3 solvents (eucalyptol, orange oil, and xylol) on 2 types of gutta-percha (conventional and thermoplastic) and Resilon. Specimens (10 mm diameter × 1 mm thick; n=7 per condition) were prepared and maintained at 37°C for 48 h. Each specimen was weighed on a precision scale every 24 h until its mass was stable, at which time the initial mass was determined. Specimens (n=7) were then immersed in the solvent solutions and, after 48 h at 37°C, they were reweighed at 24- h intervals, until stabilization (final mass). The difference between the final and the initial mass determined the solvent capacity of each solvent. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% significance level. The results demonstrated that xylol was the most effective, especially on conventional gutta-percha and Resilon (p<0.05). Eucalyptol and orange oil were more effective on thermoplastic gutta-percha than the other materials (p<0.05). It was concluded that all evaluated substances presented solvent action, but xylol was the most effective on both gutta-percha or Resilon

Influence of phosphate buffered saline on the bond strength of endodontic cement to dentin

Aim: To analyze the influence of exposure and time of exposure to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on the push-out bond strength (BS) of Biodentine to dentine. Methods: Eighty 2-mm-thick dentin discs were obtained from transversal sections of human teeth roots. The space of the canal was enlarged using #2–#5 Gates-Glidden burs to obtain 1.3-mm-diameter standardized cavities. The discs were immersed in 17% EDTA followed by 1% NaOCl and dried. The spaces of the canals were filled with Biodentine and the samples were divided into 2 groups (n=40) according to the storage: G1: exposure to moistened cotton pellet; G2: exposure to PBS. After 30 min, 1, 3 and 28 days, 10 samples of each group were subjected to the push-out test. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results: The specimens exposed to PBS had lower BS (p < 0.05), except for the 1-day period (p = 0.6017). In specimens of Group 1 the BS increased up to 3 days (p < 0.05). In specimens in Group 2, the BS increased from 30 min to 1 day (p < 0.0001) and remained stable up to 3 days (p = 0.9876). At 28 days, a significant decrease was observed in the BS values of both groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The exposure of Biodentine to PBS led to lower BS values. In general, the BS increased gradually up to 3 days and reduced at 28 days