ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Ensino de Enfermagem Obstétrica no Brasil: (des)acertos 1972-1996 Enseñanza de Enfermería Obstétrica en Brazil: (des)aciertos 1972-1996 Teaching of Obstetrical Nursing in Brazil: successes and failures from 1972 to 1996

Pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. Considera contexto político-social do ensino em Enfermagem (graduação), com ênfase na política de formação. Descreveu-se e analisou-se programas de ensino de Enfermagem Obstétrica (1972-1996), adotados por cinco Instituições de Ensino Superior, uma por região geográfica, para análise dialética da temática e conteúdos. Evidenciou-se que as disciplinas da área atendiam prioritariamente propostas governamentais centradas no ciclo gravídico-puerperal, embora houvesse alguma influência dos movimentos político-sociais, principalmente feminista e sanitarista progressista que fundamentavam o PAISM. Não foram explicitados conteúdos emergentes desses movimentos (saúde da família, subjetividade; violência, gênero, dentre outros). A maioria das instituições encontrava-se em reformulação curricular para atender ao Parecer Nº. 314/94 que determina currículo de formação do enfermeiro generalista no Brasil.<br>Investigación descriptiva con abordaje cualitativo. Considera el contexto político-social de enseñanza en Enfermería (prégrado), con énfasis en la política de formación. Se describió y se analizó programas de enseñanza de Enfermería Obstétrica (1972-1996), adoptados por cinco instituciones de enseñanza superior, una por región geográfica, para análisis dialéctica de temática y contenidos. Se evidenció que disciplinas del área atendían prioritariamente propuestas gubernamentales centradas al ciclo grávido-puerperal, sin embargo influencia de movimientos políticos-sociales, principalmente feminista y sanitarista progresista que fundamentaban el PAISM. No fueran discriminados contenidos emergentes de eses movimientos (salud familiar, subjetividad, violencia, género, entre otros). La mayoría de las instituciones estudiadas se encontraban en reformulación curricular para atender al parecer nº 314/94, lo cual (determina currículo de formación del enfermero generalista en Brasil.<br>Investigation with descriptive and qualitative approach. Political-social context of Nurse teaching are analyzed, with emphasis in policies formation. Teaching programs of Obstetrical Nursing from 1972 to1996 utilized by five graduate teaching schools were described and analyzed according to geographical region, for dialetic analysis of thematic and contents. It was evidenced that disciplines has given priority for governmental purposes centered on pregnant-puerperal cycle, although it should had some political-social movements influence, mainly feminist and progressive sanitation, on which the PAISM is based. The emerging content of these movements were not exposed (family health, subjectivity, violence, gender, among others). Most of institutions were on curricular reformulation to attend the 314/94 statement which determines generalist nurse curriculum in Brazil