Electronic Commodity Market System for Food Networks

 On the agricultural market, like any other market, there are transaction costs such as "discovering what the relevant prices are, the costs of negotiating and concluding a separate contract for each exchange transaction", and others. According to our research the average level of transaction costs in Russia for small and medium-sized enterprises is about 28% of the total cost.If the transaction costs of agricultural market are high, in order to reduce them entrepreneurs can arrange the additional production of goods within the firm, replacing market relationships on the relations within the firm.For example, in Russia, the large grain producers often have their own storage of grain (elevators) and mills, bakeries and even shops, because it is more profitable. This option is to reduce transaction costs leads to integration of firms and the monopolization of the economy.The second option - is to establish the market long-term relationships with suppliers and customers, and long-term contracts...

Manipulating Districts to Win Elections: Fine-Grained Complexity

Gerrymandering is a practice of manipulating district boundaries and locations in order to achieve a political advantage for a particular party. Lewenberg, Lev, and Rosenschein [AAMAS 2017] initiated the algorithmic study of a geographically-based manipulation problem, where voters must vote at the ballot box closest to them. In this variant of gerrymandering, for a given set of possible locations of ballot boxes and known political preferences of $n$ voters, the task is to identify locations for $k$ boxes out of $m$ possible locations to guarantee victory of a certain party in at least $l$ districts. Here integers $k$ and $l$ are some selected parameter. It is known that the problem is NP-complete already for 4 political parties and prior to our work only heuristic algorithms for this problem were developed. We initiate the rigorous study of the gerrymandering problem from the perspectives of parameterized and fine-grained complexity and provide asymptotically matching lower and upper bounds on its computational complexity. We prove that the problem is W[1]-hard parameterized by $k+n$ and that it does not admit an $f(n,k)\cdot m^{o(\sqrt{k})}$ algorithm for any function $f$ of $k$ and $n$ only, unless Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH) fails. Our lower bounds hold already for $2$ parties. On the other hand, we give an algorithm that solves the problem for a constant number of parties in time $(m+n)^{O(\sqrt{k})}$.Comment: Presented at AAAI-2

Stone mastic asphalt modified with stabilizing additives of multifunctional action

The paper presents the results of studies of the physicomechanical properties of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) with the use of stabilizing additives of multifunctional action aimed at increasing the strength characteristics of SMA, resistance to plastic deformations, increase in shear stability of asphalt concrete, as well as reduction of the negative impact of technological temperatures on oil bitumen contributing to its oxidation and premature aging in the production of asphalt mixes. The structure of bitumen modified with composite thermoplastic elastomer was studied by nuclear magnetic resonance. For experimental verification of the effectiveness of additives in the composition of SMA, standard methods used for all types of asphalt concrete were applied and the following indicators of physical and mechanical properties were studied: compressive strength, water saturation, shear resistance, abrasion, resistance to plastic deformation. The results of studies of physical and mechanical properties of SMA grades 10 and 15 containing additives of the Viatop Plus CT40 and Viatop Plus FEP series showed that the values of compressive strength at 20 and 50 °C exceed similar indicators of properties of SMAs with the use of a stabilizing additive Viatop 66 considered as control compositions

THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION ON X-RAY EMISSION LINES OF COPPER (II) AS AN EXAMPLE OF FRAGMENTS OF CERAMICS YBa*002Cu*003O*007*00-*00 *00d*00e*00l*00t*00a*00

The construction of Ka-, Kv- and La-X ray-emission spectra of copper (II) in YBa*002Cu*003O*007*00-*00 *00d*00e*00l*00t*00a*00 has been analysed in details. The energetics and intensity of the different satellites have been analysed, and their influence on the spectra form has been taken into consideration. The multiple splitting of the main and satellite lines of the X-ray-emission CuKv-spectrum has been analysed. The algorithm for acceleration self-coordination convergence being effective for design of the systems with fixed level filling has been proposed and implemented. The circuit for evaluating intensities of the satellites in approach of the sudden disturbance theory has been proposed and realizedAvailable from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

General extralinguistic factors reinforcing specific ideas about the Cheboksary regiolect of the Russian language

The study is devoted to the study of the conditions for the formation and functioning of the Cheboksary regiolect of the Russian language, which is distinguished by a number of stable linguistic parameters. The peculiar sound of the speech of the Cheboksary people has developed under the significant substrate influence of the Chuvash language, among the speakers of which there are currently active processes of a linguistic shift in favor of Russian. The work is written in the aspect of sociolinguistics and is based on the author’s long-term observations of the self-esteem of Cheboksary residents and their assessment by visitors. The purpose of the research is to expand the understanding of extralinguistic factors that do not directly affect the specifics of the speech of Cheboksary people, but at the same time enhance the impression of it from outside observers. The article deals with non-linguistic specific features inherent in the capital of the Chuvash Republic, including geographical, climatic, anthropological, technological and other components. Their presence greatly enhances the perception of the sound of the Russian speech of the inhabitants of Cheboksary and its agglomeration as a unique phenomenon of modern Russian culture. In turn, the specific conditions that support the Cheboksary regiolect are the result of a long historical and social process, including the mass migration of the population in the past, the mixing of different ethnic groups among themselves and the formation of modern peoples in their visually fixed physical features, anthropological impact on the ecumene, etc. in relation to the territory of Chuvashia and nearby regions

Review of: Lebedev E. E., Rodionov V. G., Semenova I. P., Kasimov E. V. N. I. Ashmarin – the coryphaeus of Chuvash philology. Cheboksary: Chuvash book publishing house, 2020. 270 p

Review, abstract, keywords

Electronic Commodity Market System for Food Networks

On the agricultural market, like any other market, there are transaction costs such as “discovering what the relevant prices are, the costs of negotiating and concluding a separate contract for each exchange transaction1”, and others. According to our research the average level of transaction costs in Russia for small and medium-sized enterprises is about 28% of the total cost. If the transaction costs of agricultural market are high, in order to reduce them entrepreneurs can arrange the additional production of goods within the firm, replacing market relationships on the relations within the firm. For example, in Russia, the large grain producers often have their own storage of grain (elevators) and mills, bakeries and even shops, because it is more profitable. This option is to reduce transaction costs leads to integration of firms and the monopolization of the economy. The second option - is to establish the market long-term relationships with suppliers and customers, and long-term contracts

Ruestungsmigration und brian drain: zur Situation im militaerisch-industriellen Komplex und in den Wissenschafts-Institutionen in Russland

Available from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel C 184810 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

The image of gypsies in the Chuvash linguistic culture

The work is devoted to the analysis of the image of gypsies in the Chuvash linguistic culture. In the message, linguoculture is understood as a phenomenon that summarizes all manifestations of culture reflected through language. The study is based on the Chuvash linguistic material, folklore and literary texts, as well as other information related to the gypsies. The study is based on a scientific analysis of the Chuvash speech products marked by the mention of gypsies and is generally retrospective in nature. Nevertheless, the conclusions are still relevant in today’s realities. Gypsies in Chuvashia are a newly-minted ethnic group, to a small extent introduced into its social reality and closed from the outside world. They are not included in the circle of peoples who are in close contact with the Chuvashs, however, they are often mentioned in folklore texts from the positions of ethnocentrism, most of which determine their negative perception. At the same time, the image of gypsies is reflected in Chuvash fiction, and here they are mainly described as positive characters, objectively requiring empathy, if only because they are part of the central characters. Chuvash ideas about gypsies largely correlate with their perception by Russians

Study of flowering patterns of

Long-term data on flowering phenology of 9 Campanula L. species were processed using computer modeling. Modified model is proposed to describe flowering of monocarpic shoots with multi-flowered inflorescences taking into account structural inflorescence features and morphogenesis of floral zone. The flowering patterns are determined by degree of inflorescence branching and sequence of flowers opening in them. It is shown that flowering curve for simple inflorescences is unimodal: it has single peak associated with opening of terminal flower and flowers on the 1st order axes. For compound inflorescences two maxima are noted (the second of them is due to opening of flowers on the 2nd order axes), or curve has wavy character. Regression curves describing sequence of flowers opening on the 1 st order axes are different. They are C-shaped if flowering begins in lower third of the inflorescence and then spreads divergently. More often terminal flower opens first, and is accompanied by several flowers in lower third of inflorescence, while next flowers open in divergent way. In this case the regression curves are S-shaped. The proposed model reproduces picture of individual flowering with natural variability, and can be used to describe flowering of various taxa of herbaceous plants with multi-flowered inflorescences