Adequate antenatal care coverage and public expenditure in maternal health services among women -in reproductive age- with or without Social Security.

<p><b>PANEL A.</b> Social Security. <b>PANEL B.</b> Without Social Security*. Note: *Includes women without any type of health insurance and those who reported being affiliated to the Seguro Popular. **Adequate ANC (timely, ≥4 ANC visits + content of ANC ≥75% of basic procedures) were estimated using non-linear regression models (logit) adjusted by all population and contextual characteristics mentioned in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0152635#pone.0152635.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>. ***Expressed in US$ and per women 15–49 years of age (at constant prices of 2011).</p

Antennal care characteristics among women -in reproductive age- with or without Social Security.

<p>Antennal care characteristics among women -in reproductive age- with or without Social Security.</p

Public expenditure on maternal health services per women -in reproductive age- with or without Social Security.

<p>Note: * Expressed in US$ and per women 15–49 years of age (at constant prices of 2011). **Includes women without any type of health insurance and those who reported being affiliated to the <i>Seguro Popular de Salud</i> (SPS).</p

Socio-demographics characteristics among women -in reproductive age- with or without Social Security.

<p>Socio-demographics characteristics among women -in reproductive age- with or without Social Security.</p

Lorenz curve and Gini index related to the public expenditure in maternal health services among women -in reproductive age- with or without Social Security.

<p>Note: Expressed in US$ and per women 15–49 years of age (at constant prices of 2011). **Includes women without any type of health insurance and those who reported being affiliated to the Seguro Popular.</p

Impact of being indigenous on the probability of using primary health care services.

<p>Source: Mexican National Nutrition Survey, 2012.</p><p><i>**p<0.01.</i></p

Health Insurance among indigenous and non-indigenous Mexican population, 2012.

<p>Source: Mexican National Nutrition Survey, 2012.</p><p>Note: Estimates take into account the effect of survey design.</p

Access to prescribed medicines (ATPM) regardless of place according to individual characteristics and specific environment and affiliation to the Seguro Popular.

<p>Note: Estimates considering the survey design. *Estimated figures on the total population who received a prescription from medical personnel. **Calculation per adult equivalent. $ Rural: <2500 inhabitants, Urban: 2500–100000, Metropolitan: >100000.</p

Socio-demographic conditions of the indigenous and non-indigenous Mexican population, 2012.

<p>Source: Mexican National Nutrition Survey 2012.</p><p>Note: Estimates take into account the effect of survey design.</p><p>*p value calculation excludes non-applicable categories.</p

Cross-Sectional Association between Length of Incarceration and Selected Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases in Two Male Prisons of Mexico City

<div><p>Background</p><p>Mexico City prisons are characterized by overcrowded facilities and poor living conditions for housed prisoners. Chronic disease profile is characterized by low prevalence of self reported hypertension (2.5%) and diabetes (1.8%) compared to general population; 9.5% of male inmates were obese. There is limited evidence regarding on the exposure to prison environment over prisoner’s health status; particularly, on cardiovascular disease risk factors. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between length of incarceration and selected risk factors for non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs).</p><p>Methods and Findings</p><p>We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from two large male prisons in Mexico City (n = 14,086). Using quantile regression models we assessed the relationship between length of incarceration and selected risk factors for NCDs; stratified analysis by age at admission to prison was performed. We found a significant negative trend in BMI and WC across incarceration length quintiles. BP had a significant positive trend with a percentage change increase around 5% mmHg. The greatest increase in systolic blood pressure was observed in the older age at admission group.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>This analysis provides insight into the relationship between length of incarceration and four selected risk factors for NCDs; screening for high blood pressure should be guarantee in order to identify at risk individuals and linked to the prison’s health facility. It is important to assess prison environment features to approach potential risk for developing NCDs in this context.</p></div