The Role of the County Professional Council in Advanced Training and Professional Development of Class Teachers

Stručno usvršavanje je obvezan dio učiteljskog posla koji se provodi na četiri osnovne razine: individualnoj, školskoj, županijskoj i državnoj. Brojne su prednosti i nedostaci svakog oblika usavršavanja, a svi su oni na putu profesionalnog razvoja učitelja jednako važni i korisni. U radu je prikazan model stručnog usvršavanja učitelja na županijskoj razini (Županijsko stručno vijeće učitelja razredne nastave – Grad Sisak) pri čemu veliku ulogu imaju upravo županijski voditelji koji su poveznica između školske i državne razine stručnog usavršavanja učitelja.Advanced training is a mandatory part of teacher’s job and it is being carried out at four basic levels: individual, school, county and state level. There are numerous advantages and disadvantages of any form of training, and they are all equally important and useful in the course of professional development of teachers. This study presents the model of advanced training of class teachers at county level (County professional council of class teachers – the Town of Sisak), where the very county leaders, who are the link between the school and state level of advanced training of teachers, have a great role

Strains, plasmids and cell lines used in this study.

<p>Strains, plasmids and cell lines used in this study.</p

Mice infected with the <i>bbfA</i> mutant demonstrated a delay to death in comparison to those challenged with the parental strain.

<p>Groups of six BALB/c mice were challenged via the intra-peritoneal route and the median time to death was determined by the Mantel-Cox log-rank test at 35 days post-infection. Mice inoculated with the <i>bbfA</i> mutant had a mean survival time of 3.5 days versus 2 days for those dosed with the wild-type (<i>p</i> = 0.03).</p

The <i>bpss1439</i> mutant displayed reduced biofilm formation which was complemented by <i>in trans bpss1439</i> expression.

<p>a. The wild-type and <i>bpss1439</i> mutant were grown in LB under static conditions at 37°C for 48 hours. Biofilms were stained with 1% w/v crystal violet, solubilised and quantified using an optimal density reading at 595 nm. Results are plotted with standard deviation error bars from triplicate experiments each consisting of eight experimental replicates; the <i>p</i> value was calculated using a paired Student's T test. b. The trans-complemented <i>bpss1439</i> mutant (pME-<i>1439</i>), as well as the wild-type and <i>bpss1439</i> pME strain, were also assessed for biofilm production as described previously.</p

Comparison of the <i>bbfA</i> mutant with other reported biofilm reduced strains.

†<p>EPS =  exopolysaccharide.</p

The arrangement of the <i>bpss1439</i> operon.

<p>The <i>bpss1439</i> gene is located in an operon with two downstream genes, <i>bpss1442</i> and <i>bpss1443</i>; both which encode hypothetical proteins of no significant database hits. The closest orthologue to <i>bpss1439</i> is the upstream gene (<i>bpss1434</i>) encoding another unstudied predicted TAA.</p

The <i>bbfA</i> mutant demonstrated reduced adhesion and microcolony formation.

<p>A. The wild-type, <i>bbfA</i> mutant and trans-complemented bbfA mutant (pME-<i>1439</i>), along with the control wild-type and <i>bbfA</i> mutant strains harbouring pME, were grown in LB under static conditions at 37°C for 48 hours. Biofilms were stained for exopolysaccharide using the periodic acid-Schiff protocol and examined by light microscopy. B. The wild-type and <i>bbfA</i> mutant biofilms were also fixed with 2.5% v/v glutaldehyde and examined by scanning electron microscopy.</p

The growth of mitomycin C (MMC)-treated <i>B</i>. <i>pseudomallei</i> cultures and Transmission Electron Microscopy assessment of the induced phages.

<p>Growth of different strains following MMC induction. The MMC-treated cultures show a decline in optical density (OD_600nm) after addition of MMC that is not observed in the untreated culture (A). Soil-isolated (B) and MMC-induced temperate (C) phages have similar icosahedral heads with short, non-contractile tails, which are characteristic of phages in the <i>Podoviridae</i> family.</p

Restriction enzyme analyses of <i>B</i>. <i>pseudomallei</i> phages.

<p>Genomic DNA extracted from soil isolated (ΦBp-RE4-5) and MMC-induced (ΦBp-RE1-3) <i>B</i>. <i>pseudomallei</i> phages were digested with restriction enzyme <i>Bst</i>BI (A) or <i>Mlu</i>I (B) and analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis. Different DNA patterns were observed when digested with the <i>Mlu</i>I restriction enzyme. A 1-kb DNA ladder was included as a DNA marker.</p

PCR amplification and DNA sequence analysis of the DNA fragment encoding the <i>B</i>. <i>pseudomallei</i> phage tail tubular protein B.

<p>DNA from soil-isolated and MMC-induced temperate phages were used as a template to PCR amplify the fragment of a gene encoding the phage tail tubular protein B. The 325-bp DNA fragment was detected in each case. A negative PCR control (N) and 100-bp DNA marker were included (A). Nucleotide sequences comparison of the phage tail tubular protein B DNA amplified from ΦBp-RE1 and ΦBp-AMP1 is shown (B).</p