234 research outputs found
Elementary excitations of chiral Bose-Einstein condensates
We study the collective modes of a Bose-Einstein condensate subject to an
optically induced density-dependent gauge potential. The corresponding
interacting gauge theory lacks Galilean invariance, yielding an exotic
superfluid state. The nonlinear dynamics in the presence of a current
nonlinearity and an external harmonic trap are found to give rise to dynamics
which violate Kohn's theorem; where the frequency of the dipole mode strongly
depends on the strength of the mass current in the gas. The linearised spectrum
reveals how the centre of mass and shape oscillations are coupled, whereas in
the strongly nonlinear regime the dynamics is irregular.Comment: General improvements, corrections and references adde
Dark quantum droplets in beyond-mean-field Bose-Einstein condensate mixtures
Quantum liquid-like states of matter have been realized in an ongoing series
of experiments with ultracold Bose gases. By means of analytical and
theoretical methods we identify the specific criteria for the existence of dark
solitons in beyond-mean-field condensates, revealing how these excitations
exist for both repulsive and attractive interactions, the latter leading to
dark quantum droplets with properties intermediate between a dark soliton and a
quantum droplet. The dark quantum droplet's physical characteristics are
investigated, including calculation of the integrals of motion, revealing their
sensitive dependence on physical parameters relevant to the current generation
of experiments with quantum gases in the beyond-mean-field limit.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures. Comments welcom
Simulation of single and many particle gauge theories with ultracold atomic gases
The study of systems formed from ultracold atomic gases has emerged to become
one of the most active research elds within the condensed matter landscape. These
highly controllable macroscopic systems amalgamate ideas from many sub disciplines
of physics, including the study of low temperatures, quantum optics and quantum
information theory as well as the seemingly disparate eld of high energy physics.
The central concept of this thesis is gauge theories as applied to systems of bosonic
atoms, which at temperatures close to absolute zero form Bose-Einstein condensates.
To simulate the mathematical structure of a gauge theory, the geometric (Berry)
phase formalism is adopted. This is in turn accomplished by considering the adiabatic
following of the eigenstates of the light-matter coupling for an ensemble of
atoms forming a Bose-Einstein condensate. These concepts are then applied to show
how one can generate a spin-orbit coupling in a one-dimensional condensate, which
additionally features a random mass term that allows us to study the physics of Anderson
localization in an intriguing \quasi" relativistic regime. One of the features
of light induced gauge potentials is that they are static; in the sense that there is no
feedback between the light-matter interaction and the matter eld. In the second
part of this thesis it is demonstrated how such a feedback mechanism can be induced
by the appropriate modi cation of the light-matter interaction. The consequences
this has for the condensate are then described at the mean- eld level, including
the expected experimental signatures of the resulting `interacting' gauge theory, in
terms of the expansion of the condensate and also the structure of the solitons of this
nonlinear system. Finally, this nonlinear model is applied to a double well system,
from which the associated Bose-Hubbard model is derived and analysed; and the
nonlinear Josephson problem studied
Simulating an interacting gauge theory with ultracold Bose gases
We show how density dependent gauge potentials can be induced in dilute gases
of ultracold atoms using light-matter interactions. We study the effect of the
resulting interacting gauge theory and show how it gives rise to novel
topological states in the ultracold gas. We find in particular that the onset
of persistent currents in a ring geometry is governed by a critical number of
particles. The density-dependent gauge potential is also found to support
chiral solitons in a quasi-one-dimensional ultracold Bose gas.Comment: General improvements. Published version: Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 085301
(2013
Quantum vacuum effects in non-relativistic quantum field theory
Nonlinearities in the dispersion relations associated with different
interactions designs, boundary conditions and the existence of a physical
cut-off scale can alter the quantum vacuum energy of a nonrelativistic system
nontrivially. As a material realization of this, we consider a 1D-periodic
rotating, interacting non-relativistic setup. The quantum vacuum energy of such
a system is expected to comprise two contributions: a fluctuation-induced
quantum contribution and a repulsive centrifugal-like term. We analyze the
problem in detail within a complex Schoedinger quantum field theory with a
quartic interaction potential and perform the calculations non-perturbatively
in the interaction strength by exploiting the nonlinear structure of the
associated nonlinear Schroedinger equation. Calculations are done in both
zeta-regularization, as well as by introducing a cut-off scale. We find a
generic, regularization-independent behavior, where the competition between the
interaction and rotation can be balanced at some critical ring-size, where the
quantum vacuum energy has a maxima and the force changes sign. The inclusion of
a cut-off smoothes out the vacuum energy at small distance but leaves unaltered
the long distance behavior. We discuss how this behavior can be tested with
ultracold-atoms.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
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