S1-S9 Figs

S1 Fig, the coordinate system and landmarks used in the present study; S2 Fig, schematic diagram illustrating the measurements for the contours Ex-Ac//z, En-Ac//z, Ex-Ch//z, and Ac-Ch//z; S3 Fig, schematic diagram illustrating vector elements v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, and v8 of N//sagittal (i.e., the nasal profile); S4 Fig, measurements for the contour Prn//sagittal (i.e., naso-lip-chin profile); S5 Fig, schematic diagrams illustrating the measurements of the contours Gla//axial, N//axial, Sn//axial, Ls//axial, Li//axial, Sm//axial, Or//axial, and Prn//axial; S6 Fig, schematic diagram illustrating the linear and angular measurements of the facial outline; S7 Fig, the mean contours of sagittal sections (N//sagittal and Prn//sagittal); S8 Fig, the mean contours of Ex-Ac//z, En-Ac//z, Ex-Ch//z, and Ac-Ch//z on the right and left sides in the older group and the younger group; and S9 Fig, the mean contours of Gla//axial, N//axial, Or//axial, Prn//axial, Sn//axial, Ls//axial, Li//axial, and Sm//axial in the older group and the younger group

Appendix

S1 Appendix, sectional-line-and-landmark-based analysis; and S2 Appendix, results of the sectional-line-and-landmark-based analysis

S1-S3 Tables

S1 Table, definitions of the soft tissue landmarks on the facial 3D images; S2 Table, five types of curving lines; S3 Table, result summary of facial characteristics unique to the older group when compared with the younger group at rest and on smilin

Data from: Functional decline in facial expression generation in older women: a cross-sectional study using three-dimensional morphometry

Elderly people show a decline in the ability to decode facial expressions, but also experience age-related facial structure changes that may render their facial expressions harder to decode. However, to date there is no empirical evidence to support the latter mechanism. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of age on facial morphology at rest and during smiling, in younger (n = 100; age range, 18–32 years) and older (n = 30; age range, 55–65 years) Japanese women. Three-dimensional images of each subject’s face at rest and during smiling were obtained and wire mesh fitting was performed on each image to quantify the facial surface morphology. The mean node coordinates in each facial posture were compared between the groups using t-tests. Further, the node coordinates of the fitted mesh were entered into a principal component analysis (PCA) and a multifactor analysis of variance (MANOVA) to examine the direct interactions of aging and facial postures on the 3D facial morphology. The results indicated that there were significant age-related 3D facial changes in facial expression generation and the transition from resting to smiling produced a smaller amount of soft tissue movement in the older group than in the younger group. Further, 185 surface configuration variables were extracted and the variables were used to create four discriminant functions: the age-group discrimination for each facial expression, and the facial expression discrimination for each age group. For facial expression discrimination, the older group showed 80% accuracy with 2 of 66 significant variables, whereas the younger group showed 99% accuracy with 15 of 144 significant variables. These results indicate that in both facial expressions, the facial morphology was distinctly different in the younger and older subjects, and that in the older group, the facial morphology during smiling could not be as easily discriminated from the morphology at rest as in the younger group. These results may help to explain one aspect of the communication dysfunction observed in older people

The 6th Albanian Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery

After a three-year quarantine from the deadliest global pandemic of the last century, ASTES is organizing to gather all health professionals in Tirana, The 6th Albanian Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery(ACTES 2022) on 11-12 November 2022, with the topic Trauma & Emergency Surgery and not only...with the aim of providing high quality, the best standards, and the best results, for our patients ...ACTES 2022 is the largest event that ASTES (Albanian Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery) has organized so far with 230 presentations, and 67 foreign lecturers with enviable geography, making it the largest national and wider scientific event.The scientific program is as strong as ever, thanks to the inclusiveness, where all the participants with a mix of foreign and local lecturers, select the best of the moment in medical science, innovation, and observation.The scientific committee has selected all the presentations so that the participants of each medical discipline will have something to learn, discuss, debate, and agree with updated methods, techniques, and protocols.I hope you will join us on Friday morning, and continue the journey of our two-day event together