Re-emergence of a coxsackievirus A24 variant causing acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Brazil from 2017 to 2018

This work was funded by a grant from the SVS/CGLAB, Brazilian Ministry of Health.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Enterovírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Enterovírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Referência Regional em Enteroviroses. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Referência Regional em Enteroviroses. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Referência Regional em Enteroviroses. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Referência Regional em Enteroviroses. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Enterovírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.A large outbreak (over 200,000 cases) of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) took place in Brazil during the summer of 2017/2018, seven years after a nationwide epidemic, which occurred in 2011. To identify the etiological agent, 80 conjunctival swabs from patients with a clinical presentation suggestive of AHC were analyzed at the national enterovirus laboratory. Real-time RT-PCR for human enteroviruses was performed, and enterovirus RNA was detected in 91.25% (73/80) of the specimens. Twenty-nine swab fluids were used to inoculate cell cultures (RD and Hep2C), and 72.4% (21/29) yielded a cytopathic effect. Genotype IV coxsackievirus A24v (CV-A24v) was identified as the causative agent of the outbreak. Phylogenetic analysis based on the VP1 gene revealed that Brazilian isolates were genetically related to strains that caused an outbreak in French Guiana in 2017. Our results show the re-emergence of CV-A24v causing AHC outbreaks in Brazil between the end of 2017 and the beginning of 2018

Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and phylogenetic analysis of HPV-16 E6 variants among infected women from Northern Brazil

Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Câncer. Clinical Research Coordination. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Nacional de Câncer. Clinical Research Coordination. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Background: The main cause of cervical cancer in the world is high risks human papillomavirus infection (mainlyrepresented by HPV-16 and HPV-18), that are associated to the development of malign transformation of the epithelium. HPV prevalence exhibits a wide geographical variability and HPV-16 variants have been related to an increased risk of developing cervical intraepithelial lesion. The aim of this study was to describe DNA-HPV prevalence and HPV-16 variants among a women population from Northern Brazil. Methods: One hundred and forty three women, during routine cervical cancer screening, at Juruti Project, fulfilled an epidemiological inquiry and were screened through a molecular HPV test. HPV-16 variants were determined by sequencing the HPV-16 E6 open reading frame. Results: Forty two samples were considered HPV positive (29.4 per cent). None of those had abnormal cytology results. HPV prevalence varied between different age groups (Z(U) = 14.62; p = >0.0001) and high-risk HPVs were more frequent among younger ages. The most prevalent type was HPV-16 (14 per cent) and it variants were classified, predominantly, as European (87.5 per cent). Conclusions: HPV prevalence in our population was higher than described by others and the most prevalent HPV types were high-risk HPVs. The European HPV-16 variant was the most prevalent among HPV-16 positive samples. Our study reinforces the fact that women with normal cytology and a positive molecular test for high-risk HPVs should be submitted to continuous follow up, in order to verify persistence of infection, promoting an early diagnosis of cervical cancer and/or its precursors

Detection and genotyping of human adenovirus and sapovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Pará, between 1990 and 1992: first detection of GI.7 and GV.2 sapoviruses in Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality, especially among children from developing countries. Human adenovirus (HAdV) and sapovirus (SaV) are among the agents that cause AGE. The present study aimed to detect and genotype HAdV and SaV in 172 fecal samples from children with AGE, collected during a surveillance study carried out in a low-income community in Belém, Pará, between 1990 and 1992. METHODS: HAdV was detected by nested PCR, using primers Hex1deg/Hex2deg and NeHex3deg/NeHex4deg. SaV was assayed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), nested PCR, and quantitative PCR. The nucleotide sequence was determined by direct cycle sequencing. RESULTS: Overall, 43% (74/172) of samples were positive for HAdV, of which 70.3% (52/74) were sequenced and classified as belonging to five different species, mostly A and F. For SaV, positivity was 5.2% (9/172) and genotypes GI.1, GI.7, GII.1, and GV.2 were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The present results reinforce the need for further studies to obtain epidemiological data about the circulation of these viruses in Brazil, especially in the Amazon Region, where data from the early 1990’s are scarce. Furthermore, the study describes for the first time the detection of SaV genotypes GI.7 and GV.2 in Brazil, showing that these types circulated in the region more than 25 years ago

Detection and genotyping of human adenovirus and sapovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Pará, between 1990 and 1992: first detection of GI.7 and GV.2 sapoviruses in Brazil

<div><p>Abstract INTRODUCTION: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality, especially among children from developing countries. Human adenovirus (HAdV) and sapovirus (SaV) are among the agents that cause AGE. The present study aimed to detect and genotype HAdV and SaV in 172 fecal samples from children with AGE, collected during a surveillance study carried out in a low-income community in Belém, Pará, between 1990 and 1992. METHODS: HAdV was detected by nested PCR, using primers Hex1deg/Hex2deg and NeHex3deg/NeHex4deg. SaV was assayed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), nested PCR, and quantitative PCR. The nucleotide sequence was determined by direct cycle sequencing. RESULTS: Overall, 43% (74/172) of samples were positive for HAdV, of which 70.3% (52/74) were sequenced and classified as belonging to five different species, mostly A and F. For SaV, positivity was 5.2% (9/172) and genotypes GI.1, GI.7, GII.1, and GV.2 were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The present results reinforce the need for further studies to obtain epidemiological data about the circulation of these viruses in Brazil, especially in the Amazon Region, where data from the early 1990’s are scarce. Furthermore, the study describes for the first time the detection of SaV genotypes GI.7 and GV.2 in Brazil, showing that these types circulated in the region more than 25 years ago.</p></div

Amino- and Carboxyl-Terminal CCR5 Mutations in Brazilian HIV-1-Infected Women and Homology Model of p.L55Q CCR5 Mutant.

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-03-23T12:39:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa GCS Amino....pdf: 551022 bytes, checksum: 1af52e6b1cfce719631682bed58e97b2 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-03-23T12:55:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa GCS Amino....pdf: 551022 bytes, checksum: 1af52e6b1cfce719631682bed58e97b2 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-23T12:55:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa GCS Amino....pdf: 551022 bytes, checksum: 1af52e6b1cfce719631682bed58e97b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrasilEvandro Chagas Institute. Bioinformatic Core. Center for Technological Innovation. Belém, PA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilEvandro Chagas Institute. Bioinformatic Core. Center for Technological Innovation. Belém, PA, BrasilEvandro Chagas Institute. Bioinformatic Core. Center for Technological Innovation. Belém, PA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilGenetic factors from an HIV-1 host can affect the rate of progression to AIDS and HIV infection. To investigate the frequency of mutations in the CCR5 gene, HIV-1 samples from infected women and uninfected individuals were selected for sequencing of the CCR5 gene regions encoding the N- and C-terminal protein domains. Physicochemical CCR5 modeling and potential protein domain analysis were performed in order to evaluate the impact of the mutations found in the properties and structure of CCR5. The p.L55Q mutation in the N-terminal protein domain was observed only in uninfected individuals, with an allelic frequency of 1.8%. Physicochemical analysis revealed that the p.L55Q mutation magnified the flexibility and accessibility profiles and the modeling of CCR5 structures showed resulting in a small deviation to the right, as well as a hydrophobic to hydrophilic property alteration. The p.L55Q mutation also resulted in a slight modification of the electrostatic load of this region. Additionally, three novel silent mutations were found at the C-terminal coding region among HIV-1-infected women. The results suggest that the p.L55Q mutation might alter CCR5 conformation. Further studies should be conducted to verify the role of this mutation in HIV-1 susceptibility

Detección y caracterización de adenovirus humano proveniente de casos de parálisis fláccida aguda, en la Región Norte de Brasil

Esta pesquisa teve o suporte financeiro do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica do Instituto Evandro Chagas e pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Os adenovírus humanos (HAdV) causam uma variedade de infecções, tais como as respiratórias agudas, gastrointestinais, oculares, do trato urinário e ainda síndromes neurológicas graves. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar e caracterizar HAdV em amostras de fezes provenientes de pacientes oriundos da Região Norte do Brasil, no período de 1998 a 2012, com quadro de paralisia flácida aguda, negativas para poliovírus e enterovírus não pólio. No estudo, 19 amostras apresentaram efeito citopático característico de HAdV quando inoculadas nas linhagens HEp2-C e L20B. Essas amostras foram submetidas à reação em cadeia mediada pela polimerase (PCR) em tempo real (qPCR) e sequenciamento nucleotídico parcial do gene que codifica a proteína héxon. Do total de amostras, 13 foram confirmadas por qPCR, PCR e sequenciamento nucleotídico. A análise genética demonstrou a seguinte caracterização viral: uma amostra como HAdV-F41; três como HAdV-A31 e nove da espécie C, sendo três HAdV-C5 e seis HAdV-C6. As amostras positivas foram provenientes dos Estados do Pará (6/19 – 31,6%), Amazonas (6/19 – 31,6%) e Acre (1/19 – 5,2%). Quanto à faixa etária, dos 13 casos positivos, 12 eram de crianças menores de 5 anos de idade, representando 92,3% dos casos. Os resultados encontrados sugerem uma possível participação dos HAdV na etiologia dos casos de paralisia flácida aguda ocorridos na Região Norte do Brasil.The human adenovirus (HAdV) cause a variety of infections such as acute respiratory, gastrointestinal, ocular, urinary tract and also serious neurological syndromes. The present study aimed to identify and characterize HAdV in stool samples of patients from the Northern region of Brazil in the period of 1998 to 2012, with acute flaccid paralysis, negative for poliovirus and enterovirus nonpolio. In this study, 19 samples showed a characteristic cytopathic effect of HAdV when inoculated in HEp2-C and L20B lineages. These samples were subjected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real-time (qPCR) and partial nucleotide sequencing of the hexon gene. Of the total samples, 13 were confirmed by qPCR, PCR and nucleotide sequencing. Genetic analysis showed the following viral characterization: one sample of HAdV-F41; three samples of HAdV-A31 and nine species C, three of HAdV-C5-C6 and six of HAdV. The positive samples were from the States of Pará (6/19 – 31.6%), Amazonas (6/19 –31.6%) and Acre (1/19 – 5.2%). In relation to the age group, from 13 positive cases, 12 were children under 5 years old, representing 92.3% of cases. The results suggest a possible HAdV participation in the etiology of acute flaccid paralysis occurred in Northern Brazil

Complete genome sequence of the BeAn 58058 virus isolated from Oryzomys sp. rodents in the Amazon Region of Brazil

Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro de Inovações Tecnológicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro de Inovações Tecnológicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro de Inovações Tecnológicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro de Inovações Tecnológicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the BeAn 58058 virus (prototype) strain, isolated from a wild rodent Oryzomys sp. in the Utinga forest, Belém, state of Pará, Brazil in 1963. The genome of this virus showed similarity to the Poxviridae family, suggesting its inclusion in a possible new genus

DIVERSIDADE GENÉTICA DAS CEPAS DE VÍRUS INFLUENZA A CIRCULANTES NA REGIÃO AMAZÔNICA NOS ANOS DE 2021 A 2023: UMA ANÁLISE DA COMPATIBILIDADE VACINAL

Introdução/Objetivo: Anualmente a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), verifica a necessidade de atualização da composição da vacina antigripal, devido à alta variabilidade dos vírus influenza, baseando-se nos dados capitados pela Rede Global de Vigilância de Influenza. Nesse contexto, objetivamos por meio da caracterização genética, investigar compatibilidade das cepas de vírus influenza A circulantes na região Amazônica no período de janeiro de 2021 a maio de 2023 com as cepas vacinais preconizadas neste período. Metodologia: Foram selecionadas 354 amostras positivas, de modo que houvesse representatividade geográfica e temporal, para realização do sequenciamento de genoma completo por amplicons utilizando a plataforma MiSeq illumina. As sequências de nucleotídeos obtidas foram comparadas com as sequencias das cepas vacinais preconizadas para os Hemisférios Norte e Sul dos anos de 2021-2023. Resultados: Dentre os 354 genomas de influenza A analisados, 194 (55%) foram do subtipo A/H1N1pdm09 e 160 (45%) A/H3N2. Quanto as cepas de A/H3N2, 76 (47,5%) foram coletados em 2021, 82 (51,25%) em 2022 e duas (1,25%) em 2023. A análise filogenética mostrou que os genomas de A/H3N2 pertenciam a cinco clados distintos, são eles: 2a.1b (n = 1); 2a.2a (n = 5); 2a.3 (n = 18); 2a.2b (n = 20); e 2a.2 (n = 116). Todos geneticamente divergentes da cepa vacinal A/HongKong/2671/2019 preconizada para a temporada de 2021, mas geneticamente compatível com a cepa vacinal A/Darwin/6/2021-like, estabelecida para as temporadas de 2022 e 2023 do hemisfério sul. Em relação as cepas de A(H1N1)pdm09, 182 (94%) foram coletadas no ano de 2023 e 12 (6%) em 2022. No período analisado, observou-se a co-circulação do clado 6B.1A.5a.2a (n = 112) e clado 6B.1A.5a.2a.1 (n = 82). A maioria das cepas circulantes (72,7%) em 2022 eram geneticamente relacionadas com a cepa vacinal A/Victoria/2570/2019 preconizada para a temporada de 2022 do hemisfério Sul. Até maio de 2023, 60% dos vírus circulantes são geneticamente relacionados com a cepa vacinal A/Sydney/5/2021 disponível para o hemisfério sul, porém 40% são geneticamente relacionados com a cepa vacinal A/Wisconsin/588/2019, estabelecida para a temporada 2022/2023 do hemisfério Norte. Conclusão: Como consequência da alta variabilidade genética dos vírus influenza, os eventos de incompatibilidade entre a vacina e os vírus circulantes são observados e podem contribuir para uma carga adicional relacionada à doença devido à limitada proteção cruzada

Emergence of G12P[6] rotavirus strains among hospitalised children with acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Northern Brazil, following introduction of a rotavirus vaccine

Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Species A rotavirus still remains a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Globally, six genotypes (G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G9P[8] and G12P[8]) account for >90% of circulating strains; however, genotype G12 in combination with P[6] or P[9] has been detected at increasing rates. We sought to broaden our knowledge about the rotavirus strains circulating during the early post-vaccine-introduction period. Stool samples were obtained from children hospitalised for acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Northern Brazil, from May 2008 to May 2011 and examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing. A total of 122 out of the original 1076 rotavirus strains were judged to be non-typeable in the first analysis and were therefore re-examined. G2P[4] was the most prevalent genotype (58.0%), followed by G1P[8] (16.9%), and G12P[6] (7.5%). G12P[6] strains were identified at similar rates during the first (2.5%) and second (3.9%) years, and the rate jumped to 15.6% in the third year. Analysis of VP7 sequences of the G12P[6] strains showed that they belonged to lineage III. In addition, co-circulating G12P[6] strains displaying long and short RNA patterns were found to belong to the Wa-like and DS-1-like constellation, respectively. Additional unusual circulating strains G12P[9] and G3P[9] were also identified. This hospital-based study showed a high prevalence of G12P[6] strains in the third year of surveillance. Our results highlight the need for continuous longitudinal monitoring of circulating rotavirus strains after introduction of rotavirus vaccines in Brazil and elsewhere