Induced activation in accelerator components

The residual activity induced in particle accelerators is a serious issue from the point of view of radiation safety as the long-lived radionuclides produced by fast or moderated neutrons and impact protons cause problems of radiation exposure for staff involved in the maintenance work and when decommissioning the facility. This paper presents activation studies of the magnets and collimators in the High Energy Beam Transport line of the European Spallation Source due to the backscattered neutrons from the target and also due to the direct proton interactions and their secondaries. An estimate of the radionuclide inventory and induced activation are predicted using the GEANT4 code

Towards a Muon Collider

A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10 TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work.Comment: 118 pages, 103 figure

Towards a muon collider

A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10 TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work

Towards a muon collider

A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10 TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work

Erratum: Towards a muon collider

The original online version of this article was revised: The additional reference [139] has been added. Tao Han’s ORICD ID has been incorrectly assigned to Chengcheng Han and Chengcheng Han’s ORCID ID to Tao Han. Yang Ma’s ORCID ID has been incorrectly assigned to Lianliang Ma, and Lianliang Ma’s ORCID ID to Yang Ma. The original article has been corrected

Optimising neutron production from compact low energy accelerators

There is currently much development in accelerator based methods to provide flexible and reliable neutron generators, in response to a decline in the availability of nuclear reactors. In this paper the focus is on neutron production via a low energy DC proton accelerator (1-10 MeV) and light target system. GEANT4 simulations are being used to study various aspects of target design, beginning with studies into light targets, such as lithium and beryllium, which are already in use. Initially the aim is to replicate these designs and benchmark these simulations with other models and experimental results before investigating how modifications can improve neutron production and tailor experimental geometries to specific applications such as neutron capture therapy and medical isotope production

Power Upgrade Studies for the ISIS-TS1 Spallation Target

ISIS is one of the world’s most powerful spallation neutron sources for the study of material structures and dynamics. Currently ISIS has two spallation targets, TS1 operating at proton beam powers of up to 200 kW, and TS2 operating to 45 kW. This paper focuses upon an upgrade study of TS1 with the goal of increasing the ultimate operating power to 1 MW and beyond. During this study we have taken into consideration the necessity of maintaining the spallation neutron pulse width at current values. The increased heat deposition was monitored and the target plates dimensions were modified to take this into account

Studies of magnet activation due to beam losses and back-scattered neutrons

The residual activity induced in particle accelerators is a serious issue from the point of view of radiation safety as the long-lived radionuclides produced by fast or moderated neutrons and impact protons cause problems of radiation exposure for staff involved in the maintenance work and when decommissioning the facility. This is a generic study of induced activation in accelerator components, and the same methodology can be applied to any future study of element activation for other accelerators around the world. Taking the High Energy Beam Transport line of the European Spallation Source as a reference we present activation studies of the magnets and collimators due to the back-scattered neutrons from the target and also due to the direct proton beam losses along the beamline