Search for supersymmetry in events with two leptons including a tau

Searches for new physics in events with hadronic jets, missing transverse energy, and two leptons of which at least one is a hadronically decaying tau are presented. The result is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1 \fbi at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. No significant excess with respect to the standard model predictions is found.Comment: Presented at the 2011 Hadron Collider Physics symposium (HCP-2011), Paris, France, November 14-18 2011, 3 pages, 1 figur

Combining landscape genetics and movement ecology to assess functional connectivity for red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

Die anthropogen bedingte Zerschneidung der Landschaft stellt eine wichtige Herausforderung für den Natur- und Artenschutz dar. Große Säugetiere, wie zum Beispiel der Rothirsch (Cervus elaphus) sind durch die Fragmentierung einer Verkleinerung und zunehmenden Isolierung der Lebensräume ausgesetzt. Dies kann weitreichende Folgen wie einen verringerten Austausch an Individuen und damit langfristig an Genen mit sich ziehen. Um diesen Folgen entgegenzuwirken und den genetischen Austausch zu verbessern sind objektive Beurteilungsverfahren über die Konnektivität der Landschaft notwendig. Die Erfassung und Modellierung der funktionellen Landschaftskonnektivität für eine Zielart basiert häufig auf Grundlagen wie Expertenwissen, Habitatmodellen oder Bewegungsdaten. Allerdings werden diese Methoden hinsichtlich ihrer Repräsentativität für tatsächliche Abwanderungen oder effektivem Genfluss diskutiert. Im Rahmen von landschaftsgenetischen Analysen werden Informationen über den genetischen Austausch zwischen Populationen oder einzelnen Individuen mit entsprechenden Ausprägungen der Landschaft korreliert. Genetische Daten haben dabei den Vorteil, dass sie sowohl eine erfolgreiche Wanderung zwischen Verbreitungsgebieten als auch die anschließende Reproduktion mit anderen Individuen, widerspiegeln können. Daher stellt die Landschaftsgenetik eine innovative Ansatzmöglichkeit zur Beurteilung der funktionellen Landschaftskonnektivität dar. Ziel der Dissertation ist die Konzipierung und Evaluierung von artspezifischen Modellen der Landschaftskonnektivität mit Hilfe von Gendaten und Telemetrie-Ergebnissen. Der Rothirsch in Schleswig-Holstein dient dabei als Beispielart, mit der die Unterschiede bezüglich der methodischen und konzeptionellen Herangehensweisen demonstriert werden sollen. Insbesondere für die naturschutzfachliche Praxis und Korridorplanung ist dies von grundlegender Bedeutung. 8 Im ersten Kapitel wird zunächst eine generelle Einleitung in die Problematik der Landschaftszerschneidung gegeben und anhand des Rothirschs in Schleswig-Holstein verdeutlicht. Anschließend werden die verschiedenen Ansatzmöglichkeiten der Landschaftsgenetik als auch der Bewegungsökologie zur Beurteilung der Landschaftskonnektivität dargestellt. Die Bewegungsökologie setzt sich unter anderem damit auseinander, welche Faktoren die Bewegungen von Organismen in ihrem Lebensraum beeinflussen. Durch die Verknüpfung von Bewegungsdaten mit Landschaftsvariablen lassen sich so wichtige Erkenntnisse über die Lebensraumansprüche einer Zielart gewinnen. Dabei können unter anderem die Habitatpräferenzen während unterschiedlicher Bewegungsmuster, wie zum Beispiel der Abwanderung in neue Gebiete, differenziert betrachtet werden. Das zweite Kapitel befasst sich mit der genetischen Diversität und Differenzierung der lokalen Rothirschvorkommen in Schleswig-Holstein. Anhand der genetischen Daten wird dabei verdeutlicht, dass die regionalen Managementeinheiten (Hegeringe) nicht immer in sich geschlossene Populationen darstellen. Die Rothirschpopulationen weisen vielmehr eine hierarchische Struktur auf. Zum Beispiel ist der Genfluss, je nach Dichte der benachbarten Populationen, unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägt. Insgesamt konnte für mehrere Populationen eine im europäischen Vergleich geringe genetische Diversität festgestellt werden. Dies unterstreicht, dass ein besseres Verständnis über die Auswirkungen der Landschaftszerschneidung sowie eine Bewertung der Landschaftskonnektivität aus Sicht des Rothirschs notwendig ist, um dem Verlust an genetischer Vielfalt entgegenzuwirken. Eine Möglichkeit die Landschaftskonnektivität zu bewerten stellt die Analyse von Telemetrie-Daten dar. Für die Auswertung von solchen Bewegungsdaten stehen eine Vielzahl an Methoden zur Verfügung. Im dritten Kapitel werden die verschiedenen Ansätze zur Differenzierung unterschiedlicher Bewegungsmuster aus Telemetrie-Daten zusammengestellt. Durch eine umfangreiche Methodenübersicht werden Entscheidungshilfen für die Anwendung solcher Pfad-Segmentierungen zur Beantwortung bestimmter Fragestellungen in der Bewegungsökologie gegeben. Das vierte Kapitel greift unter anderem auf eine solche Methode der Pfad-Segmentierung zurück, um potentielle Ausbreitungsbewegungen innerhalb der Telemetrie-Daten von besenderten Rothirschen zu ermitteln. Diese Bewegungsdaten 9 werden anschließend mit Landschaftsvariablen verknüpft und ein Modell abgeleitet, welches den Widerstand für Wanderbewegungen darstellt (Widerstandsmodell). Darüber hinaus werden in dieser Studie weitere methodische Ansätze zur Modellierung der funktionellen Landschaftskonnektivität verglichen. Diese basieren unter anderem auf Expertenwissen und Habitatmodellen sowie weiteren Auswertungsansätzen der Bewegungsdaten. Für den Vergleich der resultierenden Widerstandsmodelle wird die Landschaftsgenetik hinzugezogen. Dabei werden effektive Distanzen basierend auf den jeweiligen Modellen den genetischen Distanzmaßen gegenübergestellt. Die Modelle mit der höchsten Übereinstimmung werden ferner genutzt, um methodische Unterschiede in der Ausweisung von Korridoren darzustellen. Es zeigte sich, dass für weitreichende Abwanderungen die Rothirsche auf geeignete Habitatverhältnisse innerhalb der Landschaftsmatrix angewiesen sind. Die Auswertung der Bewegungsdaten ergab hingegen, dass für kürzere Distanzen auch suboptimale Gebiete durchquert werden können. Abschließend werden im fünften Kapitel die Ergebnisse zusammengefasst und diskutiert. Besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf dem Beitrag der Anwendung von Landschaftsgenetik und Bewegungsökologie im angewandten Naturschutz und welche Erkenntnisse für die Ausweisung und Effektivität von Korridoren gewonnen werden können.Human-caused restrictions like the fragmentation of the landscape poses a major challenge to wildlife conservation. Large and mobile species such as red deer (Cervus elaphus) are subject to increasing effects of isolation and a decrease of primary habitats. This can result in a reduction of the exchange of individuals or even a long-term loss of gene flow. In order to counteract these negative effects and to promote genetic exchange, suitable approaches for estimating functional connectivity of the landscape are necessary. In most cases, landscape models of functional connectivity for a given study species are based on expert knowledge, habitat suitability, or movement data. However, there is an ongoing debate whether these methods are representative of actual dispersal or effective gene flow. Landscape genetic analyses correlate estimates of genetic differentiation between populations or individuals with landscape composition. The advantage of genetic data is that it reflects both successful dispersal between populations, as well as subsequent reproduction with other individuals. Therefore, landscape genetics represent an innovative approach for assessing functional connectivity of the landscape matrix. The aim of this dissertation is to compare different species-specific models of functional connectivity utilizing genetic and movement data. Using red deer in Northern Germany as an example, the methodological and conceptual differences of multiple approaches are demonstrated. Overall, the presented thesis provides important insights for applied conservation of wildlife and planning of corridors. The first chapter provides a general introduction to the issue of landscape fragmentation and illustrates the effects on red deer in the study area of Schleswig-Holstein. Furthermore, the potential applications of landscape genetics and movement ecology to assess landscape connectivity are presented. For example, movement ecology provides an integral framework to explore the potential factors shaping the movements of organisms and the ecological consequences of these movements such as gene flow. The second chapter comprises a study on the genetic diversity and structure of red deer populations in Northern Germany. The results indicate that local populations are best described as an hierarchical network of subpopulations with different levels of gene flow. Overall, genetic diversity of red deer from the study area is quite low compared to other populations from Central Europe. This underlines that a better understanding of the isolation effects caused by landscape fragmentation and species-specific assessment of landscape connectivity for red deer are needed to address the observed loss of genetic diversity. One possible approach for estimating functional connectivity is by linking telemetry data with landscape variables in order to gain insights into the habitat requirements of a target species. However, habitat preferences are very likely to change with different movement behaviors. This represents an important point to consider when studying the effects of landscape composition on actual dispersal movements. The third chapter of this thesis presents an extensive overview on different methods for identifying behavioral patterns from movement data. Furthermore, it provides guidelines for deciding among the available methods of path-segmentation and shows how they can be applied to answer research questions within the movement ecology paradigm. The study described in the fourth chapter utilizes such a path-segmentation method to detect potential dispersal movements from telemetry data of multiple red deer individuals. The observed movements are then linked to landscape variables in order to model functional connectivity based on landscape resistance towards dispersal of red deer throughout the study area. In addition, the study applies and compares different methodological approaches for modeling functional connectivity based on expert knowledge, habitat models and other analyses of movement data. A landscape genetic approach is used as a means to compare the resulting resistance models. Effective distances derived from the models are compared with estimates on genetic distance. The highest ranked models are further used to illustrate methodological differences in the designation of conservation corridors. The results show that for large scale dispersal red deer rely on primary habitat conditions within the landscape matrix. However, connectivity based on the identified dispersal movements showed that areas of poor habitat quality can be traversed by red deer at shorter distances. Finally, in the fifth chapter, the results of the presented studies are summarized and discussed. In particular, the contribution of landscape genetics and movement ecology to applied conservation and landscape planning are elaborated. The results of this thesis could ultimately increase the effectiveness of conservation measures such as the placement of corridors.2021-06-2

Flexural Strength of Preheated Resin Composites and Bonding Properties to Glass-Ceramic and Dentin

To test the impact of preheating (25, 37, 54, or 68 degrees C) of TetricEvoCeram (TEC), FiltekSupremeXT (FSXT), and Venus (V) on flexural strength (FS), shear bond strength (SBS) and interfacial tension (IFT). FS was tested with TEC and FSXT. For SBS, glass-ceramic and human dentin substrate were fabricated and luted with the preheated resin composite (RC). SBSs of 1500 thermal cycled specimens were measured. For IFT, glass slides covered with the non-polymerized RC were prepared and contact angles were measured. Data were analyzed using 2/1-way ANOVA with Scheffe-test, and t-test (p < 0.05). Preheated TEC (37-68 degrees C) showed higher FS compared to the control-group (25 degrees C) (p < 0.001). FSXT presented higher FS than TEC (p < 0.001). For SBS to dentin higher values for FSXT than TEC were found. The preheating temperature showed no impact on SBS to dentin. SBS to glass-ceramic revealed a positive influence of temperature for TEC 25-68 degrees C (p = 0.015). TEC showed higher values than V and FSXT (p < 0.001). IFT values increased with the preheating temperature. A significant difference could be observed in every RC group between 25 and 68 degrees C (p < 0.001)

Impact of different pretreatments and aging procedures on the flexural strength and phase structure of zirconia ceramics

OBJECTIVE To test the impact of zirconia pretreatment and aging on flexural strength and phase structure. METHODS For flexural strength measurements, 180 3Y-TZP$_{0.25}$ specimens were fabricated and pretreated: (i) air-abraded (105-μm alumina, 0.25MPa), (ii) air-abraded (50-μm alumina, 0.25MPa), (iii) air-abraded (30-μm silica-coated alumina, 0.28MPa) (iv) non-pretreated. Each pretreated group (n=15) was aged: (a) hydrothermal (134°C, 0.23MPa, 2h) (b) in a mastication simulator (1,200,000×, 5/55°C) and (c) not aged. The fractured specimens were stored dry for 5 years (23°C) for analysis of phase transformation. Additionally, specimens were fabricated from 3Y-TZP$_{0.25}$ (n=12) and 3Y-TZP$_{0.05}$ (n=8), pretreated (i, ii, iii, iv), and hydrothermally aged. Each air-abrasion method was alternated using 0.05, 0.25 and 0.4MPa pressure. The phase transformation was examined by Raman spectroscopy and surface topography by scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed using univariate ANOVA with the Scheffé post hoc test and partial-eta-squared (ƞ$_{p}$²) (α=0.05). RESULTS The highest impact on flexural strength was exerted by the pretreatment (η$_{P}$²=0.261, p<0.001), followed by interactions between pretreatment and aging (η$_{P}$²=0.077, p=0.033). Non-pretreated and non-aged specimens showed the lowest monoclinic percentage. Hydrothermal aging and 5 years of storage at room temperature increased the monolithic percentage of 3Y-TZP$_{0.25}$. The highest phase transformation was observed in groups air-abraded with 105-μm alumina particles. Increasing pressure during the air-abrading process increased the content of the monoclinic phase in zirconia surfaces. SIGNIFICANCE Air-abrasion with 30-μm silica-coated alumina powder can be recommended for pretreatment of 3Y-TZP$_{0.25}$ and 3Y-TZP$_{0.05}$. For air-abrasion using alumina powder lower pressure should be used

Fracture load of 3D printed PEEK inlays compared with milled ones, direct resin composite fillings, and sound teeth

Objective!#!The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate fracture load, fracture types, and impact of chewing simulation of human molars restored with 3D printed indirect polyetheretherketone (PEEK) inlays and compare these with milled indirect PEEK inlays, direct resin composite fillings, and sound teeth.!##!Materials and methods!#!A total of 112 molars with form congruent class I cavities were restored with (n = 16/group) 3D printed indirect PEEK inlays via fused layer manufacturing (FLM): (1) Essentium PEEK (ESS), (2) KetaSpire PEEK MS-NT1 (KET), (3) VESTAKEEP i4 G (VES), (4) VICTREX PEEK 450G (VIC), (5) milled indirect PEEK inlays JUVORA Dental Disc 2 (JUV), and (6) direct resin composite fillings out of Tetric EvoCeram (TET). Sound teeth (7) acted as positive control group. Half of the specimens of each group (n = 8) were treated in a chewing simulator combined with thermal cycling (1.2 million × 50 N; 12,000 × 5 °C/55 °C). Fracture load and fracture types of all molars were determined. Statistical analyses using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and two-way ANOVA with partial eta squared (η!##!Results!#!ESS and TET demonstrated the lowest fracture load with a minimum of 956 N, whereas sound molars showed the highest values of up to 2981 N. Chewing simulation indicated no impact (p = 0.132). With regard to Weibull modulus, KET presented a lower value after chewing simulation than JUV, whereas TET had the highest value without chewing simulation. All indirect restorations revealed a tooth fracture (75-100%), direct resin composite fillings showed a restoration fracture (87.5%), and 50% of the sound teeth fractured completely or had cusp fractures.!##!Conclusions!#!All 3D printed and milled indirect PEEK inlays as well as the direct resin composite fillings presented a higher fracture load than the expected physiological and maximum chewing forces.!##!Clinical relevance!#!3D printing of inlays out of PEEK via FLM provided promising results in mechanics, but improvements in terms of precision and esthetics will be required to be practicable in vivo to represent an alternative dental material

Oral health-related impact profile of patients treated with fixed, removable, and telescopic dental prostheses in student courses — a prospective bicenter clinical trial

Objectives!#!To analyze the oral health-related impact profile in patients treated with three different types of dental prosthesis in student courses.!##!Materials and methods!#!This prospective bicenter clinical trial was conducted with 151 patients being treated with fixed (n = 70), removable (n = 61), or telescopic dental prostheses (n = 20) in clinical student courses of two German universities from October 2018 to October 2019. All patients completed three standardized German versions of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-G49/53) before prosthetic treatment (T0), at control after 1 week (T1), and after 3 months (T2), divided into five dimensions: (a) appearance, (b) oral function, (c) psychosocial impact, (d) linguistic limitations, and (e) orofacial pain. Data were analyzed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Wilcoxon signed-rank, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Cronbach's alpha tests.!##!Results!#!Within T0-T1 and T0-T2, greater improvements were determined for removable compared with fixed dental prostheses for the dimensions' oral function (p ≤ 0.014), linguistic limitations (p ≤ 0.016), and appearance (p ≤ 0.003). No significant differences were found between fixed and telescopic dental prostheses (p ≥ 0.104) or between removable (partial dental prosthesis with clasps and complete dental prosthesis) and telescopic dental prostheses (p ≥ 0.100). Within T1-T2, a significant improvement in orofacial pain could be determined (p = 0.007).!##!Conclusions!#!Restorations presented an improvement in oral health-related quality of life. Removable dental prostheses showed better improvement than fixed ones in various dimensions.!##!Clinical relevance!#!Knowledge about the influence of oral health-related quality of life on the three different types of prosthesis used in student courses can be of decisive help in dental consultations

CAD/CAM Diagnostic Esthetic Functional Splint (DEFS) as a removable prototype to evaluate the final prosthetic rehabilitation: a narrative review.

The main objective of this narrative review was to provide an overview of DEFS (Diagnostic Esthetic Functional Splint), namely CAD/CAM manufactured, “snap-retained”, tooth-colored splints available by materials exhibiting a certain degree of elasticity (like polycarbonates or acetal resins) for restoring function, esthetics and occlusion in several clinical situations, before or as an intermediate alternative to undergoing the final treatment. The search strategy included all papers dealing with snap-retained prosthetic systems and was based on a literature review of papers available in electronic databases (Pubmed/Medline, Evidence-Based Dentistry, BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, Dynamed, Embase, BMJ Clinical Evidence, Web of Science, Scientific reports); eligible papers were researched on Opengreyand a manual search was performed, as well. From the electronic databases emerged 13,199 records, many of which were duplicates. The grey literature and the manual research did not produce any eligible article. After duplicates removal, 7690 records were obtained. Titles, abstracts and keywords were analyzed. The studies concerning the topic of interest were examined by the reviewers and discussed. Although no evidence-based data were found in the literature, according to the authors’ clinical experience, the DEFS (Diagnostic Esthetic Functional Splint) is a very promising solution in multiple clinical situations, due to its diagnostic, therapeutical, functional and esthetic versatility

Effect of treatment with a full-occlusion biofeedback splint on sleep bruxism and TMD pain: a randomized controlled clinical trial

OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to analyze treatment outcome with a full-occlusion biofeedback (BFB) splint on sleep bruxism (SB) and TMD pain compared with treatment with an adjusted occlusal splint (AOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-one patients were randomly allocated to a test (BFB) or a control (AOS) group and monitored over a 3-month period. Output variables were frequency and duration of bruxing events (bursts) and various pain symptoms. RESULTS The BFB group showed a statistically significant reduction in the frequency and duration of bursts and a statistically significant improvement in the patients' global well-being and the facial muscle pain parameter. After the treatment was stopped, the BFB group showed a statistically significant reduction in the average and maximum duration but no statistically significant change in the frequency of bursts. CONCLUSIONS The tested BFB splint is highly effective in reducing SB at the subconscious level, i.e., without waking the patient, and in achieving improvements in global pain perception. The results suggest that the BFB splint also provides a better treatment option for bruxism-related pain than an AOS. However, further research is needed, and specifically studies with a larger patient population displaying higher levels of pain at baseline. CLINICAL RELEVANCE By reducing burst duration and therefore the pathological load on the masticatory apparatus, the BFB splint reduces TMD and bruxism-related symptoms and improves patients' physical well-being. In the long term, this could prevent damage to the TMJ. This study confirms the effectiveness and safety of this splint. THE UNIVERSAL TRIAL NUMBER U1111-1239-2450 DRKS-ID REGISTRATION: DRKS00018092