How Teachers Conceptualise Shared Control With an AI Co-Orchestration Tool: A Multiyear Teacher-Centred Design Process

Artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance teachers\u27 capabilities by sharing control over different parts of learning activities. This is especially true for complex learning activities, such as dynamic learning transitions where students move between individual and collaborative learning in un-planned ways, as the need arises. Yet, few initiatives have emerged considering how shared responsibility between teachers and AI can support learning and how teachers\u27 voices might be included to inform design decisions. The goal of our article is twofold. First, we describe a secondary analysis of our co-design process comprising six design methods to understand how teachers conceptualise sharing control with an AI co-orchestration tool, called Pair-Up. We worked with 76 middle school math teachers, each taking part in one to three methods, to create a co-orchestration tool that supports dynamic combinations of individual and collaborative learning using two AI-based tutoring systems. We leveraged qualitative content analysis to examine teachers\u27 views about sharing control with Pair-Up, and we describe high-level insights about the human-AI interaction, including control, trust, responsibility, efficiency, and accuracy. Secondly, we use our results as an example showcasing how human-centred learning analytics can be applied to the design of human-AI technologies and share reflections for human-AI technology designers regarding the methods that might be fruitful to elicit teacher feedback and ideas. Our findings illustrate the design of a novel co-orchestration tool to facilitate the transitions between individual and collaborative learning and highlight considerations and reflections for designers of similar systems

Designing Hybrid Human-AI Orchestration Tools for Individual and Collaborative Activities: A Technology Probe Study

Combining individual and collaborative learning is common, but dynamic combinations (which happen as-the-need arises, rather than in pre-planned ways, and may happen on an individual basis) are rare. This work reports findings from a technology probe study exploring alternative designs for classroom co-orchestration support for dynamically transitioning between individual and collaborative learning. The study involved 1) a technology-probe classroom study in an authentic, AI-supported classroom to understand teachers\u27 and students\u27 needs for co-orchestration support over dynamic transitions; and 2) workshops and interviews with students and teachers to get informed feedback about their lived experiences. 118 students and three teachers from a middle school in the US experienced a pairing policy – student, teacher and, AI-controlled pairing policy – (i.e., identifying students needing help and potential helpers) for switching from individual to a peer tutoring activity. This work aims to answer the following questions: 1) How did students and teachers react to these pairing policies?; and 2) What are students\u27 and teachers\u27 desires for sharing control over the orchestration of dynamic transitions? Findings suggest the need for a form of hybrid control between students, teachers, and AI systems over transitions, as well as for adaptivity and adaptability for different classroom characteristics, teachers, and students\u27 prior knowledge

ABORDAJE FISIOTERAPÉUTICO EN USUARIO DE LA CLÍNICA DE LA POLICÍA REGIONAL CARIBE CON PARÁLISIS DE LOS NERVIOS FACIAL Y MOTOR OCULAR. REPORTE DE CASO

Introducción: La parálisis facial es un trastorno neuromuscular relativamente frecuente generado por la lesión de las vías centrales o periféricas del nervio facial como consecuencia de una lesión, se presenta con asimetría, disfunción  y disminución en el desempeño de los músculos de la expresión facial. A nivel mundial se estima una incidencia anual de 23/100.000 habitantes afectando a ambos géneros por igual entre los 10 y los 45 años. Resumen del caso: El objetivo de este artículo es la presentación del caso clínico de un paciente que presentó este trastorno por secuela de fractura ósea del occipital y del peñasco a causa de traumatismo craneoencefálico, con un periodo de evolución de 9 meses. Discusión: Se justifica la importancia y pertinencia de las modalidades cinéticas en la recuperación de la funcionalidad del paciente con este tipo de trastorno. Conclusiones: La parálisis facial genera un impacto funcional y psicológico importante para la persona que la padece, por tanto la intervención fisioterapéutica debe enfocarse desde la rehabilitación integral tanto funcional como de integración social

Goodbye Hartmann trial: a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study on the current use of a surgical procedure developed a century ago

Background: Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann's procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA. Methods: This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up. Results: 564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6 years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P < 0.001). 30-day mortality was higher in HP patients (13.7%), especially in case of bowel perforation and diffused peritonitis. 1-year follow-up showed no differences on ostomy reversal rate between HP and RPA. (P = 0.127). A backward likelihood logistic regression model showed that RPA was preferred in younger patients, having low ASA score (≤ 3), in case of large bowel obstruction, absence of colonic ischemia, longer time from admission to surgery, operating early at the day working hours, by a surgeon who performed more than 50 colorectal resections. Conclusions: After 100 years since the first Hartmann's procedure, HP remains the most common treatment for left-sided colorectal emergencies. Treatment's choice depends on patient characteristics, the time of surgery and the experience of the surgeon. RPA should be considered as the gold standard for surgery, with HP being an exception