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Gene silencing of TGFβRII can inhibit glioblastoma cell growth

Objective: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant and aggressive type of glioma, associated with a high rate of mortality. The transforming growth factor-β receptor II (TGFβ RII) is involved in glioma initiation and progression. On the other hand, TGFβ RII silencing is critical to the inhibition of GBM. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of specific TGFβ RII siRNA on the survival of U-373MG cells. Methods: TGFβ RII siRNA was transfected, and qRT-PCR was performed to examine TGFβ RII mRNA expression. Cell survival was determined using colorimetric MTT assay, and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) level was measured in the culture supernatant using ELISA assay. Result: Our findings indicated that specific siRNAs could dose-dependently suppress TGFβ RII mRNA expression after 48 hours. In addition, treatment with TGFβ RII siRNA significantly reduced tumor cell survival and decreased the amount of PDGF-BB protein in the cell culture supernatant. Conclusion: Our results suggest that TGFβ RII silencing can be a promising complementary treatment for glioma. © 2018, Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention

Ecological and health risk assessment of exposure to atmospheric heavy metals

In the present study, we assessed the concentration of airborne HMs (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) and their probable sources using the bark of Pinus eldarica as a bio-indicator. Hence, 47 tree bark samples were harvested according to the land uses and biomonitoring techniques in the city of Yazd, Iran. The potential health risks in 13 age groups, ecological risk, as well as the possible relationship between HM concentrations and traffic indicators, were evaluated. The order of average HM concentrations in the P. eldarica bark samples was as Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. The mean values of non-carcinogenic risks of all HMs in entire age groups were within secure range (HQ < 1); however, the carcinogenic risk of Cd was higher than the allowed level (TCR > 1 � 10�6). About Pb, it was in the safe level. The main element causing potential ecological risks was Cd, indicating moderate to very high ecological risk in most of the study areas. There was an inverse significant association between distance from major roads and Pb concentration (β = �0.011 95 confidence interval (CI): 0.022, �0.0001). All HMs in bark samples render the negative Moran's index, representing a random spatial distribution pattern. Besides, according to principal component analysis (PCA), the first component accounted for 36.55 of the total variance, dominated by Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn, respectively, and characterized by vehicle and industrial emissions. Our results infer that industrial activities and traffic are the main sources of HMs pollution in urban environments that should be considered by decision-makers. © 2019 Elsevier Inc

Current methods for synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles

The synthesis of different kinds of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has attracted much attention. During the last few years, a large portion of the articles published about MNPs have described efficient routes to attain shape-controlled and highly stable MNPs with narrow size distribution. In this review, we have reported several popular methods including co-precipitation, microemulsion, thermal decomposition, solvothermal, sonochemical, microwave-assisted, chemical vapor deposition, combustion, carbon arc, and laser pyrolysis, for the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles