Survey of Poetry Reading Strategy as the Modern Tool to Identify Poetry Reading Strategies

This study examines common strategies that English as a Foreign language (EFL) students employ when reading English poetry. To identify the strategies, a survey was designed for data collection from TESL students. The result shows that students significantly tend to use the strategies that require their creativity to construct new ideas in the meaning making of poetry. Therefore, global strategies are the strategy that they use more than problem solving followed by support strategies. This study is an important issue to consider since reading strategies assist readers to recognize that the reading strategies help them understand poetry more effectively.  As a result, it is meaningful to explore reading strategies that are used in reading poetry. Keywords: SPRS, Survey Of Poetry Reading Strategy, Poetry, Reading strategy, EFL poetry readers, English as a foreign language students

IRANIAN STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS ON POETRY READING STRATEGIES

Poetry for teaching English is widely adopted but understanding poetry is problematic. Reading strategies can address this problem. Therefore, in this research, the most common strategies that Iranian post-graduate students perceive that they use were studied. This study adopted the quantitative method design in data analysis. The instrument for data collection is a questionnaire (Survey of Poetry Reading Strategies or SPRS). The participants were selected based on convenience random sampling. Sixty participants took part in the quantitative data collection. Results from the questionnaire showed use of Problem Solving strategies such as re-reading was perceived to be used more often than Global strategies such as making judgment and opinion and Support strategies such as analysing and evaluating. This study contributes the useful reading strategies in reading poetry by Iranian students. These results can be useful for both students and teachers in reading poetry.  Article visualizations

Care of newborns born to mothers with COVID-19 infection; a review of existing evidence

Background:The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is already wreaking havoc on families and communities\u27 welfare. It is critical to discuss newborn care of infected mothers with COVID-19 based on the latest international guidelines and national guidelines of countries with the highest incidence of COVID-19 cases. Objective:We discuss how to care for a newborn of a suspected or infected mother with COVID-19 using existing evidence. Method:As of 16 April 2020, we reviewed articles and guidelines related to COVID-19 in the reproductive health field, mother, and newborn health. Our review yielded in 10 categories (i) the risk of diagnostic procedures in suspected mothers on fetus/infant health, (ii) the risk of intrauterine or postpartum transmission to the fetus/infant, (iii) appropriate method and delivery time in women with confirmed COVID-19, (iv) umbilical cord clamping and skin to skin contact, (v) clinical manifestations of infected infants, (vi) confirmation of infection in a suspected neonate/infant, (vii) instructions for infant\u27s care and how to feed her/him, (viii) bathing the baby, (ix) the criteria of discharging baby from the hospital, (x) the impact of isolation on the maternal mental health. Results:Our findings showed that the possibility of intrauterine or perinatal transmission of COVID-19 is still questionable and ambiguous. However, what has been agreed upon in the existing texts and guidelines is that the close contact of mother and infant after birth can transmit the virus to the baby through droplets or micro-droplets. Conclusions:Based on our findings, it is recommended to separate the baby from the mother with confirmed (or suspected) COVID-19 infection for at least 2 weeks. Since the motivation and stable situation of mothers allow breastfeeding during the isolation, infected mothers should be taught about breast expression skills, common breast problems, the symptoms of their baby\u27s infection, and the principles of personal hygiene to protect the infant against COVID-19 infection

Strategies used when reading contemporary and shakespearean poetries by english as a foreign language students

Poetry, more than any other genre draws attentions of students and teachers. However, both students and teachers face challenges in reading and understanding poetry. Poetry for teaching English is widely adopted but understanding poetry is problematic. Reading strategies can address the problem. Therefore, this study investigated the strategies that students perceived they use, the actual strategies used and identified the different strategies that they used when they read Contemporary and Shakespearean poetries. In this research, the most common strategies that English as a Foreign Language (EFL) post-graduate students perceived they used, in comparison to what is actually used while they read poetry in English were studied. This study adopted the mixed method design which considers quantitative and qualitative data in the analysis. The instruments for data collection included a questionnaire (Survey of Poetry Reading Strategies) to identify the perceived strategies, and Think-aloud protocols to identify the actual strategies used while reading Contemporary and Shakespearean poetries. The participants were selected based on convenience random sampling. Sixty participants took part in the quantitative data collection and ten of them were purposely selected for qualitative data collection. Results from the questionnaire showed use of Problem solving strategies such as re-reading was perceived to be used more often than Global and Support strategies such as analysing and evaluating. In addition, results from the protocol showed that Global strategies were used more than the Support and Problem solving strategies. Analysis of the two types of poetry used in the study showed that readers did not use different strategies in reading them. As a conclusion, the results from the qualitative data showed that Global strategies are generally used for reading poetry. It is recommended that future research examines these strategies for reading of poetry from different era

Protocol for systematic review: peak bone mass pattern in different parts of the world

Copyright: © 2015 Mohammadi Z. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Peak bone mass, which can be defined as the amount of bone tissue present at the end of the skeletal maturation, and also it is an important determinant of osteoporotic fracture risk. The peak bone mass of a given part of the skeleton is directly dependent upon both its genetics and environmental factors. Therefore, the aim of the proposed research is a comprehensive systematic assessment of the pattern of peak bone mass in different countries across the globe. The present article explains the protocol for conducting such a research

Transparent Anomaly Detection via Concept-based Explanations

Advancements in deep learning techniques have given a boost to the performance of anomaly detection. However, real-world and safety-critical applications demand a level of transparency and reasoning beyond accuracy. The task of anomaly detection (AD) focuses on finding whether a given sample follows the learned distribution. Existing methods lack the ability to reason with clear explanations for their outcomes. Hence to overcome this challenge, we propose Transparent {A}nomaly Detection {C}oncept {E}xplanations (ACE). ACE is able to provide human interpretable explanations in the form of concepts along with anomaly prediction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that proposes interpretable by-design anomaly detection. In addition to promoting transparency in AD, it allows for effective human-model interaction. Our proposed model shows either higher or comparable results to black-box uninterpretable models. We validate the performance of ACE across three realistic datasets - bird classification on CUB-200-2011, challenging histopathology slide image classification on TIL-WSI-TCGA, and gender classification on CelebA. We further demonstrate that our concept learning paradigm can be seamlessly integrated with other classification-based AD methods.Comment: Accepted at Neurips XAI in Action worksho

Effect of various pretreatment methods on sugar and ethanol production from cellulosic water hyacinth

Effects of acid, alkali, ionic liquid (IL), and microwave-alkali pretreatments on cellulosic water hyacinth (WH) were investigated based on the total reducing sugars (TRS) and ethanol production. For the first time, IL pretreatment with (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][Ac]) was used for WH, and the efficiency was compared with the other methods. Cellulase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were fermented together for 72 h. Based on the results, all pretreatment methods effectively increased the sugar content as well as the ethanol yield. Untreated WH had 25 ± 1.5 mg/g of TRS, which was increased to 157 ± 8.2 mg/g, 95 ± 3.1 mg/g, 51 ± 4.2 mg/g, and 45 ± 2.6 mg/g via alkali, microwave-alkali, acid, and IL pretreatments, respectively. The highest TRS level of 402 mg/g was obtained in 24 h and 6.2 ± 0.4 g/L of ethanol in 48 h of fermentation with the alkali-treated WH. The ethanol production was followed by other treatment methods of WH in the order of microwave-alkali, acid, and IL. The results indicated that the ethanol production from WH was related to the type of pretreatment as well as the TRS production

Improved production of lipid contents by cultivating Chlorella pyrenoidosa in heterogeneous organic substrates

The study is aimed to enhance the productivity of microalgal culture by varying the organic and inorganic components during wastewater treatment. A model organism Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) was grown in four different sources of wastewater namely piggery, palm oil mill effluent (POME), mixed-kitchen, and domestic wastes. The growth efficacy of C. pyrenoidosa on POME was tested for their ability to remove nutrients. It was observed that POME showed the highest chemical oxygen demand of 700 mg L−1. Meanwhile, the piggery waste had the highest amount of total nitrogen of 590 mg L−1. C. pyrenoidosa species were reported to grow well with different nutrient sources and produce high levels of lipids. The highest content of chlorophyll a was obtained with POME (3 mg L−1) and domestic wastes (2.5 mg L−1). The optimum growth rate of C. pyrenoidosa was reported for POME as a substrate. Also, the results indicated the lipid content for POME (182 mg L−1), domestic sample (148 mg L−1), piggery (0.99 mg L−1), and mixed-kitchen wastes (117 mg L−1). The results above revealed that among the tested substrates, POME could be the best alternative for C. pyrenoidosa to improve the yield of lipids and ultimately, biofuels production. Therefore, the treatment of POME in wastewater using C. pyrenoidosa can boost clean technology and energy generation. In future studies, the screening of other waste effluents is needed to cultivate the microalgae and enhance biomass production to meet increasing energy demands and waste treatment applications

Effect of troxerutin on apelin-13, apelin receptors (APJ), and ovarian histological changes in the offspring of high-fat diet fed rats

Objective(s): Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) consumption has been linked to metabolic disorders and reproductive dysfunctions in offspring. Troxerutin (TRO) has anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study examined the effects of TRO on apelin-13, its receptors mRNA and ovarian histological changes in the offspring of HFD fed rats. Materials and Methods: Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control diet (CD) or HFD groups and received these diets for eight weeks. After mating, dams were assigned into four subgroups: CD, CD + TRO, HFD, and HFD + TRO, and received their respective diets until the end of lactation. Troxerutin (150 mg/kg/day) was gavaged in the CD + TRO and HFD + TRO groups during pregnancy. On the postnatal day (PND) 21 all female offspring were separated and fed CD until PND 90. On PND 90 animals were sacrificed and ovarian tissue samples were collected for further evaluation. Results: Results showed that HFD significantly decreased serum apelin-13 in the female offspring of the HFD dams, which was significantly reversed by TRO. Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed that TRO treatment significantly decreased the ovarian mRNA expression of the apelin-13 receptor in the troxerutin-received offspring. Furthermore, histological examination revealed that TRO increased the number of atretic follicles in the ovaries of HFD+TRO offspring.Conclusion: Maternal high fat feeding compromises ovarian health including follicular growth and development in the adult offspring and troxerutin treatment improved negative effects of maternal HFD on the apelin-13 level and ovarian development of offspring

Study of CDH1 germline mutation in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer: a multicenter study in Iran

Introduction: Mutations occurring in the CDH1 gene elevate the susceptibility to the development of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) as well as lobular breast cancer (LBC). LBCs with CDH1 germline mutations are classified as hereditary breast cancers, devoid of any indication of gastric carcinoma. As prophylactic gastrectomy is a recommended course of treatment for individuals with CDH1 mutations, it is advised that genetic testing be conducted for those who meet the criteria established by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). This study aimed to screen patients with HDGC for CDH1 testing and clinical management for the prevention of HDGC. Moreover, patients with LBC are tested for CDH1 mutation. Materials and Methods: In this multicenter study, thirty-one patients with HDGC were selected among 615 patients and admitted for CDH1 mutation testing. PCR for all 16 exons of CDH1 and Sanger sequencing were performed. Patients with LBC who are negative for BRCA1/2 were also included in this study regardless of gastric cancer history. Results: The results showed that 5.04% of patients with DGC were identified as HDGC of which 9.6% of individuals had a pathogenic CDH1 mutation and only 15.38% of cases with a family history carried germline mutation in CDH1. Furthermore, 7.6% of patients with LBC and negative for a family history of gastric cancer have CDH1 mutation. Discussion: All patients who met the NCCN criteria were not CDH1 mutation-positive, indicating other genes should be involved in DGC. Moreover, patients with LBC and negative for BRCA1/2 are recommended for testing the mutation in CDH1