Characterization of Effective Native Lactic Acid Bacteria as Potential Oral Probiotics on Growth Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans

Background and Objective: Probiotics' effects on harmful oral bacteria have been verifed. As antibiotic resistance becomes a major problem, searching for novel potential species is important. The objective of this study was to select novel safe strains of lactic acid bacteria with potentials as oral probiotics. Furthermore, ability of these strains to suppress growth and attachment of Streptococcus mutans as the most important cariogenic bacteria in tooth decay was investigated. Material and Methods: Initial identification tests, including Gram staining and catalase and oxidase tests, were carried out on 22 strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Iranian traditional dairy products. Safety of the strains was assessed using hemolysis test and antibiotic resistance assessment. Strains were then assessed for probiotic characteristics such inhibition of Streptococcus mutans growth, tolerance to lysozyme enzymes and ability of adhesion as well as ability of decreasing Streptococcus mutans adhesion. Selected strains were identified using16S rRNA molecular method. Results and Conclusion: Of all strains, four strains with the optimal probiotic characteristics were selected. These included one Lactobacillus brevis, one Lactobacillus casei and two Lactobacillus paraceasei. These four strains showed strong antimicrobial characteristics against Streptococcus mutans, were resistant to oral lysozyme enzymes and included high adhesion abilities to polystyrene wells. Furthermore, they decreased Streptococcus mutans attachment; thus, biofilm formation by this bacterium was prevented. These strains were recognized as safe strains since they were approved in assessments of antibiotic susceptibility and hemolytic activity. Therefore, these four strains are suggested as oral probiotics. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest

Salinity Stress: Toward Sustainable Plant Strategies and Using Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Encapsulation for Reducing It

Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that influences plant growth and productivity worldwide. Salinity affects plant growth by ionic toxicity, osmotic stress, hormonal imbalance, nutrient mobilization reduction, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). To survive in saline soils, plants have developed various physiological and biochemical strategies such as ion exchange, activation of antioxidant enzymes, and hormonal stimulation. In addition to plant adaption mechanisms, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can enhance salt tolerance in plants via ion homeostasis, production of antioxidants, ACC deaminase, phytohormones, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), volatile organic compounds, accumulation of osmolytes, activation of plant antioxidative enzymes, and improvement of nutrients uptake. One of the important issues in microbial biotechnology is establishing a link between the beneficial strains screened in the laboratory with industry and the consumer. Therefore, in the development of biocontrol agents, it is necessary to study the optimization of conditions for mass reproduction and the selection of a suitable carrier for their final formulation. Toward sustainable agriculture, the use of appropriate formulations of bacterial agents as high-performance biofertilizers, including microbial biocapsules, is necessary to improve salt tolerance and crop productivity

Evaluation of the Effect of Fruit Juice Containing Bacillus Coagulans Probiotic Supplement on the Level of Immunoglobulins A, M and Lymphocytes in Two-Speed Athletes

Probiotics exert beneficial effects on their host health by creating microbial balance in the digestive system. The role of some probiotic strains in strengthening the immune system and reducing the risk of diseases, especially respiratory infections, has been proven in previous studies. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation containing Bacillus coagulans on the Runner athletes immune system. In this study, the effect of Bacillus coagulans probiotic on immunoglobulins A, M and monocytes count 60 male athlete sprints Evaluates that which were randomly divided into two groups of 30.For 3 months, the experimental group received a daily glass of probiotic juice containing 109 cfu / ml containing probiotic supplement and the control group received plain and no supplemental juice. During the study period, once every 2 weeks, One day after exercise (running 200 meters), blood samples were taken from all participants Then In the collected samples, IgA, IgM and lymphocytes were evaluated. Consumption of probiotic juice containing 2 × 109 f cfu/ml Bacillus coagulans probiotic supplement showed a significant difference in the amount of IgA, IgM and Lymphocyte between the experimental group and the control group. The results of this study showed that the consumption of juice containing probiotic supplement Bacillus coagulans can increase the level of immune factors IgM, IgA, lymphocytes and prevent the occurrence of diseases, especially respiratory infections, by improving the function of the immune system

The <em>Bifidobacterim bifidum</em> (BIB2) Probiotic Increased Immune System Factors in Men Sprint Athletes

Foods supplemented with probiotics enhance athletes’ immune system functions, improve body health and consequently decreases athlete’s health maintenance costs. Probiotics improve immune system function against pathogens via affecting on innate immune system, humeral immunity and cytokines. The effects of consumption of Iranian probiotic Bifidobactrium bifidum (BIB2) on athletes’ immune system functions were evaluated. The results showed studied immune system factors were significantly different between test and control groups, so that IgA, IgM, lymphocyte and monocytes percentage and CD4 measurements of test group were higher than control. The Bifidobacterim bifidum (BIB2) probiotic consumption can affect some immune system factors; therefore its ability to improved general health should be studied more

Effects of treatment of sleep disorders on sleep, psychological and cognitive functioning and biomarkers in individuals with HIV/AIDS and under methadone maintenance therapy

Poor sleep is a major complaint of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT). We tested the impact of three different sleep-improving interventions (trazodone; sleep hygiene training; sleep hygiene training + trazodone) on sleep, psychological functioning and biomarkers in males with HIV and undergoing MMT.; A total of 75 male outpatients (mean age: 39.6 years) participated in a 12 week intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the following conditions: trazodone 50 mg/d (TRAZ); sleep hygiene training (SHT); sleep hygiene training and trazodone (SHT + TRAZ). At baseline, and six and 12 weeks later, participants completed questionnaires covering subjective sleep and daytime sleepiness, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. In parallel, their cognitive performance (working memory; sustained attention) was assessed. Biomarkers (cortisol, BNDF, CD4; +; ) were assessed at baseline and at the end of the study.; Over time, sleep disturbances decreased and daytime functioning and overall sleep quality improved. More specifically, both sleep disturbances and daytime functioning improved in the two SHT conditions from baseline to week 6. Daytime functioning remained stable from week 6 to week 12. Over time, in all conditions symptoms of depression and anxiety declined from baseline to week 6 and remained lower from week 6 to week 12. Daytime sleepiness, symptoms of insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing remained unchanged. Sustained attention performance improved over time from baseline to week 6 and remained high through to week 12. Biomarkers remained unchanged.; In males with HIV and undergoing MMT, treating sleep disturbances over a period of six to 12 weeks had a positive impact on aspects of sleep disturbance, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and cognitive performance. The results indicate that sleep hygiene training, either as stand-alone or in combination with trazodone, can produce positive results

Comparison of Diagnostic Value of ESR, CRP and Leukocytosis with Pathologic Findings among Patients with Acute Appendicitis

Background: Acute appendicitis is a serious condition that is occasionally falsely diagnosed. The correct diagnosis of this condition helps reduce unnecessary surgeries or complications due to the lack of diagnosis. Laboratory tests are used to diagnose this condition. The present study was conducted to compare the diagnostic value of the ESR, the CRP level and leukocytosis with pathological findings in patients with acute appendicitis.Methods: This descriptive study examined 125 cases with a primary diagnosis of appendicitis from August 2015 to October 2016 at Imam Hossein Hospital in Shahroud, Iran. The patients’ blood samples were collected for ESR, CRP and leukocyte testing and were then sent to the laboratory. After the appendectomies, samples of their appendices were sent to the pathology laboratory for further examination. The blood test results were compared with the pathological findings and analyzed in terms of sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values.Results: In this study, 59.2% of the cases were male and the rest were female. Acute appendicitis and other pathological appendices were confirmed in 91 patients (72.8%) based on their pathological evaluation and 34 cases (27.2%) were reported as normal. The sensitivity and specificity were obtained as 57.1% and 79.4% for ESR. These indices were 78.0% and 83.5% for CRP and 74.4% and 50% for leukocytosis.Conclusions: The results of this study showed that, in addition to basic laboratory findings, ESR, CRP and leukocytosis testing can also be helpful in the correct diagnosis of acute appendicitis; however, the predictive value of CRP was the highest

Comparison of Diagnostic Value of ESR, CRP and Leukocytosis with Pathologic Findings among Patients with Acute Appendicitis

Background: Acute appendicitis is a serious condition that is occasionally falsely diagnosed. The correct diagnosis of this condition helps reduce unnecessary surgeries or complications due to the lack of diagnosis. Laboratory tests are used to diagnose this condition. The present study was conducted to compare the diagnostic value of the ESR, the CRP level and leukocytosis with pathological findings in patients with acute appendicitis.Methods: This descriptive study examined 125 cases with a primary diagnosis of appendicitis from August 2015 to October 2016 at Imam Hossein Hospital in Shahroud, Iran. The patients’ blood samples were collected for ESR, CRP and leukocyte testing and were then sent to the laboratory. After the appendectomies, samples of their appendices were sent to the pathology laboratory for further examination. The blood test results were compared with the pathological findings and analyzed in terms of sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values.Results: In this study, 59.2% of the cases were male and the rest were female. Acute appendicitis and other pathological appendices were confirmed in 91 patients (72.8%) based on their pathological evaluation and 34 cases (27.2%) were reported as normal. The sensitivity and specificity were obtained as 57.1% and 79.4% for ESR. These indices were 78.0% and 83.5% for CRP and 74.4% and 50% for leukocytosis.Conclusions: The results of this study showed that, in addition to basic laboratory findings, ESR, CRP and leukocytosis testing can also be helpful in the correct diagnosis of acute appendicitis; however, the predictive value of CRP was the highest

Outcomes and Risk Factors Associated with Burn Injuries in Children

Background: Burn injuries and their complications are still considered major threats to society’s health standards. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile, outcome, and factors associated with children’s burn injuries in Shahroud (northeastern Iran). Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed over a three-year period (2013–2015) on children 12 years and under who were admitted to Imam Hossein Hospital in Shahroud with burn injuries. In this study, we reviewed medical records of hospitalized burn patients, and an analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: Of the 195 patients, 111 cases (56.9%) were male and the rest were female. The mean age was 6.34 ± 5.32 years (0–12 years). The highest proportion of burn injuries were in the 5- to 8-year-old group (47.2%), and the most common environment in which burn injuries occurred was the home (72.3%). The most common cause of burns was a hot liquid (56.9%). The mean TBSA was 20.11 ± 10.5% and the mean LHS was 9.81 ± 3.85 days. The most frequent burn areas were the upper limbs (46.6%), and second-degree burns were the most common type (48.2%). The mortality rate was 10.8%.Conclusions: The results of this study show that burn injuries in the pediatric population most commonly occur at home from a hot liquid, resulting in second-degree burns on upper-limb areas. So a large percentage of them are preventable with a little attention

Outcomes and Risk Factors Associated with Burn Injuries in Children

Background: Burn injuries and their complications are still considered major threats to society’s health standards. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile, outcome, and factors associated with children’s burn injuries in Shahroud (northeastern Iran). Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed over a three-year period (2013–2015) on children 12 years and under who were admitted to Imam Hossein Hospital in Shahroud with burn injuries. In this study, we reviewed medical records of hospitalized burn patients, and an analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: Of the 195 patients, 111 cases (56.9%) were male and the rest were female. The mean age was 6.34 ± 5.32 years (0–12 years). The highest proportion of burn injuries were in the 5- to 8-year-old group (47.2%), and the most common environment in which burn injuries occurred was the home (72.3%). The most common cause of burns was a hot liquid (56.9%). The mean TBSA was 20.11 ± 10.5% and the mean LHS was 9.81 ± 3.85 days. The most frequent burn areas were the upper limbs (46.6%), and second-degree burns were the most common type (48.2%). The mortality rate was 10.8%.Conclusions: The results of this study show that burn injuries in the pediatric population most commonly occur at home from a hot liquid, resulting in second-degree burns on upper-limb areas. So a large percentage of them are preventable with a little attention

Manufacturing a modified carbon paste electrode with catalase enzyme-Au nanoparticles for electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide and their electrocatalytic properties

To find hydrogen peroxide, different techniques applied, recently. In this practice we decided to produce a modified carbon paste electrode by catalase enzyme-Au nanoparticles for electrochemical sensing hydrogen peroxide and their electroactivity characteristics. Cyclic voltammetry were done electrochemical researches. A three-electrode method including a modified carbon paste electrode with catalase enzyme-Au nanoparticles as the operant electrode, a platinum string electrode as a counter electrode, and saturated calomel electrode as a reference electrode, was applied. Cyclic voltammetric assays were done with different scan speed area from of 50 mV s−1 to 500 mV s−1. Transmission electron microscopy was checked external morphological characteristics of Au nanoparticles. H2O2 in 100 μM to 450 μM area could find out by designed biosensor. By perform assays in two weeks regular interval, the resistance of modified carbon paste electrode with catalase enzyme-Au nanoparticles biosensor has been determine and it has been discovered that after 14 days, modified carbon paste electrode with catalase enzyme-Au nanoparticles keeps its 97% activity. Keywords: electrochemical sensing, hydrogen peroxide, catalase enzyme, Au nanoparticle