15 research outputs found
Are earth sciences lagging behind in data integration methodologies?
This article reflects discussions German and South
African Earth scientists, statisticians and risk analysts
had on occasion of two bilateral workshops on Data
Integration Technologies for Earth System Modelling
and Resource Management. The workshops were
held in October 2012 at Leipzig, Germany, and April
2013 at Pretoria, South Africa, and were attended by
about 70 researchers, practitioners and data managers
of both countries. Both events were arranged as
part of the South African-German Year of Science
2012/2013. The South African National Research
Foundation (NRF, UID 81579) has supported the two
workshops as part of the South African--German Year
of Science activities 2012/2013 established by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
and the South African Department of Science and
Technology.http://link.springer.com/journal/12665hb201
Modulation of HIV-1 enhancer activity and virus production by cAMP
The effect of cAMP on the transcriptional activity of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat/enhancer was investigated and compared to the effect of cAMP on virus replication. In culture cAMP repressed virus replication in vivo using different cell types. Transient transfection studies with HIV-1 enhancer-derived luciferase reporter gene constructs identified the minimal DNA sequence mediating the negative regulatory effect of cAMP on HIV-1 transcription. A single nuclear factor kappaB element from the HIV-1 enhancer mediates the repressive effect on transcription. AP-2 is not involved in cAMP repression. Stable transfection of Jurkat T cells with the co-activators CREB binding protein (CBP) and p300 completely abolished the cAMP repressive effect, supporting the hypothesis that elevation of intracellular cAMP increases phosphorylation of CREB, which then competes with phosphorylated p65 and Ets-1 for limiting amounts of CBP/p300 thereby mediating the observed repressive effect on transcription. These findings suggest an important role of cAMP on HIV-1 transcription