The productivity and its barriers in public hospitals: Case study of Iran

Background: Due to the increasing health care costs, the issue of productivity in hospitals must be taken into great consideration in order to provide, preserve and promote public health services. Thus, increasing the level of productivity must become the main aim of any hospital. Objective of this study is to determine the total factor productivity and its components over the period under the study. Methods: In this cross sectional study, total factor productivity changes of hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences were measured according to Malmquist index over the period 2009-2014. To estimate total productivity changes using Data Envelopment Analysis method, inputoriented and variable return to scale assumptions were applied and Deap2.1 software was used. Results: The mean value of total productivity changes was 1.013. It means that during the study period the productivity experienced a 1.3 decrease. Technological efficiency changes have the greatest influence on productivity decrease than the other factors. Scale efficiency, managerial efficiency and technical efficiency changes were ranked. Conclusion: Lack of knowledge of hospital personnel on proper application of technology in patient treatment is the main factor leading to productivity decrease resulting from technological changes in the studied hospitals. Therefore, holding courses for personnel in order to teach them the proper use of technology in diagnosis and patient care can be helpful

Experiences of rural women with damages resulting from an earthquake in Iran: A qualitative study

Background: Women, with more vulnerabilities and less access to resources, are often seen as victims of natural disasters. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the experiences of rural women with damages resulting from an earthquake in Iran. Methods: In this research, a qualitative approach, as well as the conventional content analysis was employed. The study population consisted of rural women residing in the earthquake-stricken areas of Sarpol-e Zahab and Salas-e Babajani counties in Kermanshah Province, Iran. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Moreover, sampling was purposeful, theoretical saturation was achieved by conducting 22 interviews, and the data analysis process was performed according to the steps proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. For the strength and transferability of the research, Lincoln and Guba's Evaluative Criteria were used. Results: There were seven categories regarding the experiences of rural women after the earthquakes including neglecting the health needs; tension in the family and marital relations; gender inequality in the provision of assistance; feeling insecure; ignoring the ruling culture of the region; concealing needs for fear of stigmatization, and incoherent mourning as well as two categories regarding their reactions to and interaction with the earthquake consequences including positive and negative interactions. Conclusions: Paying more attention to the needs of rural women, taking the culture governing the village into account at the time of service delivery, and helping them with positive adaptations are some indispensable measures that should be taken. © 2020 The Author(s)

Effects of education via Health Belief Model on knowledge and attitude of voluntary health workers regarding Pap smear in urban centers of Qazvin

BackgroundCervical cancer is the second common cancer after breast cancer in the world. It accounts for 18% of total deaths among women.PurposeThis quasi-experimental before-after study was conducted to determine the effects of education based on Health Belief Model (HBM) on knowledge and attitude of voluntary health workers regarding Pap smear in urban centers of Qazvin. Methods 120 health workers took part in the study. A questionnaire completed by the subjects was used for data collection. Different statistical tests including Qui-square, ANOVA, coefficient of correlation etc. were used for data analysis.Results Mean scores of knowledge and elements of HBM (perceived sensitivity, benefits, barriers and severity) about Pap smear test in the subjects before and after intervention and within the elements showed a significant correlation. No significant relationship was found between the elements and such variables as the age and number of children of the workers. A significant relationship was found between the elements (perceived sensitivity and benefits) and educational level of the subjects before the intervention and also (perceived sensitivity and barriers) after that. ConclusionInstructing prevention based on HBM can increase knowledge and make attitude positive in voluntary health workers. Keywords: Health Belief Model (HBM), Knowledge, Attitude, Pap smear.