Electricity Production by Microbial Fuel Cell Using Cheese Whey Wastewater of the Dairy Industry in Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Microbial fuel cell is an alternative technology for energy generation aiming to recover chemical energy from biodegradable wastewater to and convert it to electricity. In this study, a small laboratory-scale microbial fuel cell was evaluated to generate electricity using cheese whey wastewater as the sole nutrient source. The open-circuit potential and the stable voltage output with 1000 Ω external resistance of the fuel cell using only cheese whey wastewater as anolyte were 0.925 V and 0.379 V, respectively. The power density achieved by the cell was 7.18 mW m–2, with a maximum current density of 35.75 mA m–2. The series connection of seven fuel cells produced the open-circuit potential of 7 V that could run a 4 V LED light strip for more than 3 hours. Cheese whey-microbial fuel cell can be considered as a cost-effective renewable energy source for the operation of low energy demanding devices in the future. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies