Timing of milk supplementation on muscular hypertrophy and strength in trained males

Includes bibliographical references.Problem- The inconsistency of information on recommendations regarding the most beneficial timing of protein supplementation in relation to a workout, when muscle hypertrophy and strength is the goal. Purpose- To investigate milk supplementation before and after exercise and its effects on muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength, and body composition. Design- On day 1, subjects reported to the exercise lab for anthropometries,strength and muscle hypertrophy assessment. On day 28, subjects reported to the lab to reassess strength gains and to readjust lifting routines as needed to allow for additional strength gains. On day 56, subjects again reported to the exercise lab for final anthropometries, strength and muscle hypertrophy assessment. During the 8 week study, subjects were randomly assigned to one of three workout groups: 16 oz skim milk prior to each resistance weight training session, 16 oz of skim milk following each resistance weight training session, or no protein at all 2 hours before or after each resistance weight training session. Despite the milk supplementation, milk drinking participants were asked to consume no other protein 2 hours before or after each resistance weight training session. Each participant completed an identical weight training workout dependent on the week of the study. These workouts consisted of 45-60 minute resistance training sessions of 70%-85% of their 1 repetition max. Major findings- Protein supplementation in a half-hour time frame of one’s strength training workout helpd to increase strength and muscle size. Post-workout protein supplementation wasmore favorable than pre-workout protein supplementation in allowing for gains in strength and muscle size. Conclusion- To maximize benefits on strength and muscle size; ingest 480 mL milk within 30 minutes of completing resistance weight training sessions.B.S. (Bachelor of Science

Primary User Emulation Attacks in Cognitive Radio - An Experimental Demonstration and Analysis

Cognitive radio networks rely on the ability to avoid primary users, owners of the frequency, and prevent collisions for effective communication to take place. Additional malicious secondary users, jammers, may use a primary user emulation attacks to take advantage of the secondary user\u27s ability to avoid primary users and cause excessive and unexpected disruptions to communications. Two jamming/anti-jamming methods are investigated on Ettus Labs USRP 2 radios. First, pseudo-random channel hopping schemes are implemented for jammers to seek-and-disrupt secondary users while secondary users apply similar schemes to avoid all primary user signatures. In the second method the jammer uses adversarial bandit algorithms to avoid channels already heavily disrupted from primary user communications and concentrate efforts on channels heavily populated by secondary user communications. In addition the secondary users apply similar methods to avoid channels heavily occupied by jammers and primary users. The performance of these users is compared with and without the algorithm through channel delay, impact of algorithm on probability density functions, and user collision rate. Conclusions on made on the effectiveness of each technique

Essays on the Economics of Rental Housing and Crime

Essays on the Economics of Rental Housing and Crime My dissertation consists of three chapters in the area of applied microeconomics. The first chapter exploits the mass evacuation of thousands of New Orleans residents to numerous counties throughout the South in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina to identify the impact of migration on rents and estimate supply elasticities in local rental housing markets. The second chapter follows with an investigation of the impact that the evacuations on crime in the destination counties. The analyses in the first two chapters are conducted using data from American Community Survey and the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Uniform Crime Reporting database. The third chapter focuses on the relationship between ownership concentration and rental housing market outcomes. This analysis employs panel data on individual senior housing properties from the National Investment Center for Seniors Housing and Care to measure ownership concentration and to examine its impact on senior housing rents and occupancy measures. The Impact of Migration on Rents: Evidence from Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coasts of Louisiana and Mississippi on August 29, 2005, leaving in its wake damage of catastrophic proportions. The mass evacuations before and after the hurricane led to the long-term displacement of more than half of the New Orleans residents to counties throughout the United States, but predominately in the South. This study uses a panel of Southern counties constructed from American Community Survey (ACS) data to estimate the impact of Katrina migration on local rents. Relying on the exogenous nature of this forced migration, this analysis finds that population changes due to Hurricane Katrina evacuations expanded the market demand for rental housing and consequently increased rents. Specifically, an increase in Katrina migration equal to 1 percent of the county population resulted in a 3 to 8 percent increase in the rents of natives. The study also suggests that the short-run rental housing supply is inelastic, with estimates ranging between 0 and 0.60. The Impact of Hurricane Katrina Migration on Crime The evacuations from Hurricane Katrina led to an influx of economically vulnerable people into numerous counties throughout the South This paper follows the empirical framework of the preceding chapter by exploiting the quasi-experimental nature of these evacuations to evaluate whether this mass migration had an impact on crime levels in the destination counties. The study uses a panel of Southern counties constructed of data extracted from American Community Survey (ACS) and the Federal Bureaus of Investigation’s Uniform Crime Reporting database. The analysis finds that population changes due to Hurricane Katrina did not have a statistically significant impact on the total level of violent crimes or property crimes. The Impact of Market Concentration in the Market for Senior Rental Housing The senior housing rental market is one of the fastest growing housing segments, but relatively little is known about its market structure. This paper uses panel data on individual senior housing properties from the National Investment Center for Seniors Housing and Care (NIC) to examine the impact of ownership concentration in the market for senior rental housing. Market concentration is greatest in the independent living and assisted living senior housing markets. In the assisted living market, in particular, increased concentration results in higher average monthly rents and lower occupancy, as would be predicted by standard microeconomic theory. In the independent living market increased concentration results in increased rent growth and lower occupancy. Nonprofit providers appear to attenuate the impact of market concentration, especially in the independent living market

Pasture management and the Euro problem in the North-West

OVER the past 20 years sheep numbers in the North-West of Western Australia have suffered a marked decline. In the Pilbara area, six stations have been abandoned, and about a dozen more are in a precarious position. If these were to be abandoned also, some 10,000,000 acres of sheep country would be idle. It is now known that the shrinking flocks have been caused by a deterioration in the pasture vegetation, particularly the disappearance of the more nutritious native grasses on which breeding ewes depended to provide the high-protein diet required for the production and rearing of their lambs

The CAPUS Project-Innovative Solutions for HIV/AIDS Linkage to Care

“The CAPUS Project-Innovative Solutions for HIV/AIDS Linkage to Care” Objectives: 1) Expand knowledge of the current linkage to care landscape within Georgia; 2) Identify essential components of the Resource Hub to enhance linkage to care efforts throughout Georgia; and 3)Promote effective use of the Resource Hub to facilitate HIV/AIDS linkage to care within highly impacted communitie

A successful campaign against the euro

RESULTS from a five-year research programme carried out by the C.S.I.R.O. on the Abydos-Woodstock Pastoral Research Station indicated that euros could be controlled in a practical and economic way by the traditional method of water poisoning, if it was continued for an extended period and carried out over a large area. Smallscale trials supported this claim, but no opportunity had occurred to assess the practicability of a large-scale poisoning operation

L’Euro, ou kangourou des collines, Macropus robustus, dans le Nord-Ouest de l’Australie

Ealey E.-H.-M. L'euro, ou Kangourou des collines Macropus robustus dans le Nord-Ouest de l’Australie. In: La Terre et La Vie, Revue d'Histoire naturelle, tome 18, n°1, 1964. pp. 3-19