Ready for 21st-century Education – Pre-service Music Teachers Embracing ICT to Foster Student-centered Learning

AbstractThere is always competition for curriculum time for pre-service teachers, especially in teaching methods courses. This study explored whether pre-service teachers are prepared to learn from each other online. It looked at 47 students taking a course entitled “Music Education Methods and Strategies”. Each was required to design a game as a form of pedagogy in music education and to upload it to a learning management system (LMS). They then had to read and comment on all submissions and vote for the best three games. After doing so, the students completed an online survey about their experiences. Thirty-nine valid questionnaires were submitted, giving a response rate of 83%. It is very encouraging to note that the students gave all questions a high rating (scoring them 3 or above on a 5-point Likert-type scale). The two top-rated items confirmed that the students felt responsible for their own learning and competent in using a LMS. This suggests that pre-service music teachers are ready for 21st-century education using information and communications technology to develop learner-centered activities

Online peer assessment in higher education: a systematic review of literature in educational practices

Neste artigo procedemos a uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre Online Peer Assessment (OPA) no Ensino Superior, mediadas por Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TIC). Identificamos suas características, centrais e opcionais e mapeamos exemplos práticos (procedimentos e TIC) de OPA que poderão ser transversais, adaptáveis e aplicáveis em diversas unidades curriculares e regimes educacionais. Os resultados apontam para a utilização da OPA como uma estratégia que potencia a “avaliação para a aprendizagem”. Os referenciais teóricos subjacentes, os métodos de avaliação e os tipos de TIC utilizadas indicam seu direcionamento para um maior envolvimento e responsabilidade do aluno na sua aprendizagem. Evidenciamos na literatura que se busca desenvolver essas competências, dando ao aluno oportunidades com alguma regularidade para autoavaliar-se e avaliar seus pares por meio de feedback construtivo. Há também evidências de que dar ou produzir feedback é mais benéfico para a aprendizagem do que apenas recebê-lo, como também é cognitivamente mais exigente e envolve os alunos de forma mais ativa e os direciona ao pensamento crítico e a processos metacognitivos. A partir dos resultados alcançados, consideramos que a OPA, enquanto ferramenta cognitiva, contribui para a construção do conhecimento e para a reflexão sobre a aprendizagem. Um desafio que se coloca diz respeito ao desenvolvimento criativo com foco na diversificação e na inovação das práticas de avaliação no sentido de potenciar aprendizagens e resultados acadêmicos, em atenção às necessidades de aprendizagem que se manifestam frente às expectativas da educação atual e futura e às exigências da sociedade.In this research a systematic review of literature about Online Peer Assessment (OPA) in higher education, mediated by Information and Communication Technology (ICT), was carried out. Optional and central characteristics and its practices (procedures and ICT) were identified and mapping. These procedures and practices may be transversal, adaptable and applied in several curriculum units and educational regimes. The results point to the use of OPA as a strategy that enhances “assessment for learning”. The theoretical framework, the methods of assessment and the kinds of ICT used indicate directions for greater involvement and responsibility from the part of the student in his/her learning. Theoretical framework identifies the need to develop students’ skills, providing them with opportunities for self-assessment and peer assessment on a regular basis through constructive feedback. There is also evidence that to give or receive feedback is more beneficial for learning than just receiving it. It is also cognitively more demanding and directs the students to critical thinking and metacognitive processes. From the results obtained, OPA is seen as a cognitive tool, contributing to the building of knowledge and to reflection about learning. Issues for further reflection are also identified such as the creative development of assessment methods with a focus on diversity and innovation in order to enhance students’ learning and academic results, taking into account their learning needs in face of the expectations of current and future education and the demands of society.CIEC - Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, IE, UMinho (UI 317 da FCT), PortugalFundos Nacionais através da FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) e cofinanciado pelo Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) através do COMPETE 2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) com a referência POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007562info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Alternative visual displays for effective decision support systems

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN036662 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Phosphoproteomics of patient-derived xenografts identifies targets and markers associated with sensitivity and resistance to EGFR blockade in colorectal cancer

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a well-exploited therapeutic target in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Unfortunately, not all patients benefit from current EGFR inhibitors. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics and phosphoproteomics were performed on 30 genomically and pharmacologically characterized mCRC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) to investigate the molecular basis of response to EGFR blockade and identify alternative drug targets to overcome resistance. Both the tyrosine and global phosphoproteome as well as the proteome harbored distinctive response signatures. We found that increased pathway activity related to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibition and abundant tyrosine phosphorylation of cell junction proteins, such as CXADR and CLDN1/3, in sensitive tumors, whereas epithelial-mesenchymal transition and increased MAPK and AKT signaling were more prevalent in resistant tumors. Furthermore, the ranking of kinase activities in single samples confirmed the driver activity of ERBB2, EGFR, and MET in cetuximab-resistant tumors. This analysis also revealed high kinase activity of several members of the Src and ephrin kinase family in 2 CRC PDX models with genomically unexplained resistance. Inhibition of these hyperactive kinases, alone or in combination with cetuximab, resulted in growth inhibition of ex vivo PDX-derived organoids and in vivo PDXs. Together, these findings highlight the potential value of phosphoproteomics to improve our understanding of anti-EGFR treatment and response prediction in mCRC and bring to the forefront alternative drug targets in cetuximab-resistant tumors.</p

A study of C ⁣PC\!P violation in the decays B±→[K+K−π+π−]Dh±B^\pm\to[K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-]_D h^{\pm} (h=K,πh = K, \pi) and B±→[π+π−π+π−]Dh±B^\pm\to[\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-]_D h^{\pm}

The first study of $C\!P$ violation in the decay mode $B^\pm\to[K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-]_D h^{\pm}$, with $h=K,\pi$, is presented, exploiting a data sample of proton-proton collisions collected by the LHCb experiment that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $9$ fb$^{-1}$. The analysis is performed in bins of phase space, which are optimised for sensitivity to local $C\!P$ asymmetries. $C\!P$-violating observables that are sensitive to the angle $\gamma$ of the Unitarity Triangle are determined. The analysis requires external information on charm-decay parameters, which are currently taken from an amplitude analysis of LHCb data, but can be updated in the future when direct measurements become available. Measurements are also performed of phase-space integrated observables for $B^\pm\to[K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-]_D h^{\pm}$ and $B^\pm\to[\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-]_D h^{\pm}$ decays.The first study of $C\!P$ violation in the decay mode {{B} ^\pm } \rightarrow [{{K} ^+} {{K} ^-} {{\uppi } ^+} {{\uppi } ^-} ]_{D} h^\pm , with $h=K,\pi$, is presented, exploiting a data sample of proton–proton collisions collected by the LHCb experiment that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $9\text {\,fb} ^{-1}$. The analysis is performed in bins of phase space, which are optimised for sensitivity to local $C\!P$ asymmetries. $C\!P$-violating observables that are sensitive to the angle $\gamma$ of the Unitarity Triangle are determined. The analysis requires external information on charm-decay parameters, which are currently taken from an amplitude analysis of LHCb data, but can be updated in the future when direct measurements become available. Measurements are also performed of phase-space integrated observables for {{B} ^\pm } \rightarrow [{{K} ^+} {{K} ^-} {{\uppi } ^+} {{\uppi } ^-} ]_{D} h^\pm and {{B} ^\pm } \rightarrow [{{\uppi } ^+} {{\uppi } ^-} {{\uppi } ^+} {{\uppi } ^-} ]_{D} h^\pm decays.The first study of $C\!P$ violation in the decay mode $B^\pm\to[K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-]_D h^\pm$, with $h=K,\pi$, is presented, exploiting a data sample of proton-proton collisions collected by the LHCb experiment that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $9$ fb$^{-1}$. The analysis is performed in bins of phase space, which are optimised for sensitivity to local $C\!P$ asymmetries. $C\!P$-violating observables that are sensitive to the angle $\gamma$ of the Unitarity Triangle are determined. The analysis requires external information on charm-decay parameters, which are currently taken from an amplitude analysis of LHCb data, but can be updated in the future when direct measurements become available. Measurements are also performed of phase-space integrated observables for $B^\pm\to[K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-]_D h^\pm$ and $B^\pm\to[\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-]_D h^\pm$ decays

Observation of the Bs0 ⁣→D∗+D∗−B^0_s\!\to D^{*+}D^{*-} decay

International audienceThe first observation of the ${B}_s^0$→ D$^{∗+}$D$^{∗−}$ decay and the measurement of its branching ratio relative to the B$^{0}$→ D$^{∗+}$D$^{∗−}$ decay are presented. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{−1}$ of proton-proton collisions recorded by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV between 2011 and 2018. The decay is observed with more than 10 standard deviations and the time-integrated ratio of branching fractions is determined to be$\frac{\mathcal{B}\left({B}_s^0\to {D}^{\ast +}{D}^{\ast -}\right)}{\mathcal{B}\left({B}^0\to {D}^{\ast +}{D}^{\ast -}\right)}=0.269\pm 0.032\pm 0.011\pm 0.008,$where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third due to the uncertainty of the fragmentation fraction ratio f$_{s}$/f$_{d}$. The ${B}_s^0$→ D$^{*+}$D$^{*−}$ branching fraction is calculated to be$\mathcal{B}\left({B}_s^0\to {D}^{\ast +}{D}^{\ast -}\right)=\left(2.15\pm 0.26\pm 0.09\pm 0.06\pm 0.16\right)\times {10}^{-4},$where the fourth uncertainty is due to the B$^{0}$→ D$^{*+}$D$^{*−}$ branching fraction. These results are calculated using the average ${B}_s^0$ meson lifetime in simulation. Correction factors are reported for scenarios where either a purely heavy or a purely light ${B}_s^0$ eigenstate is considered.[graphic not available: see fulltext

Measurement of the <math display="inline"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1520</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msup><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> Differential Branching Fraction

The branching fraction of the rare decay $\Lambda_{b}^{0}\to \Lambda(1520) \mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ is measured for the first time, in the squared dimuon mass intervals, $q^2$, excluding the $J/\psi$ and $\psi(2S)$ regions. The data sample analyzed was collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of $9\,\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$. The result in the highest $q^{2}$ interval, $q^{2} > 15.0\,\mathrm{GeV}^2/c^4$, where theoretical predictions have the smallest model dependence, agrees with the predictions.The branching fraction of the rare decay Λb0→Λ(1520)μ+μ- is measured for the first time, in the squared dimuon mass intervals q2, excluding the J/ψ and ψ(2S) regions. The data sample analyzed was collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9  fb-1. The result in the highest q2 interval, q2&gt;15.0  GeV2/c4, where theoretical predictions have the smallest model dependence, agrees with the predictions.The branching fraction of the rare decay $\Lambda_{b}^{0}\to \Lambda(1520) \mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ is measured for the first time, in the squared dimuon mass intervals, $q^2$, excluding the $J/\psi$ and $\psi(2S)$ regions. The data sample analyzed was collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of $9\ \mathrm{fb}^{-1}$. The result in the highest $q^{2}$ interval, $q^{2} >15.0\ \mathrm{GeV}^2/c^4$, where theoretical predictions have the smallest model dependence, agrees with the predictions

Test of lepton flavour universality using B0→D∗−τ+ντB^0 \to D^{*-}\tau^+\nu_{\tau} decays with hadronic τ\tau channels

The branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-}\tau^+\nu_\tau)$ is measured relative to that of the normalisation mode $B^0 \to D^{*-}\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+$ using hadronic $\tau^+ \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^+(\pi^0)\bar{\nu}_\tau$ decays in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2 fb$^{-1}$. The measured ratio is $\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-}\tau^+\nu_\tau)/\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-}\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+)= 1.70 \pm 0.10^{+0.11}_{-0.10}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is related to systematic effects. Using established branching fractions for the $B^0 \to D^{*-}\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+$ and $B^0 \to D^{*-} \mu^+\nu_\mu$ modes, the lepton universality test, $\mathcal{R}(D^{*-}) \equiv \mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-}\tau^+\nu_\tau)/\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-} \mu^+\nu_\mu)$ is calculated, $$\mathcal{R}(D^{*-}) = 0.247 \pm 0.015 \pm 0.015 \pm 0.012\, ,$$ where the third uncertainty is due to the uncertainties on the external branching fractions. This result is consistent with the Standard Model prediction and with previous measurements.The branching fraction B(B0→D*-τ+ντ) is measured relative to that of the normalization mode B0→D*-π+π-π+ using hadronic τ+→π+π-π+(π0)ν¯τ decays in proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2  fb-1. The measured ratio is B(B0→D*-τ+ντ)/B(B0→D*-π+π-π+)=1.70±0.10-0.10+0.11, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is related to systematic effects. Using established branching fractions for the B0→D*-π+π-π+ and B0→D*-μ+νμ modes, the lepton universality test R(D*-)≡B(B0→D*-τ+ντ)/B(B0→D*-μ+νμ) is calculated, R(D*-)=0.247±0.015±0.015±0.012, where the third uncertainty is due to the uncertainties on the external branching fractions. This result is consistent with the Standard Model prediction and with previous measurements.The branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-}\tau^+\nu_{\tau})$ is measured relative to that of the normalisation mode $B^0 \to D^{*-}\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+$ using hadronic $\tau^+ \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^+(\pi^0)\bar{\nu}_{\tau}$ decays in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2 fb$^{-1}$. The measured ratio is $\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-}\tau^+\nu_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-}\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+)= 1.70 \pm 0.10^{+0.11}_{-0.10}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is related to systematic effects. Using established branching fractions for the $B^0 \to D^{*-}\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+$ and $B^0 \to D^{*-} \mu^+\nu_\mu$ modes, the lepton universality test, $\mathcal{R}(D^{*-}) \equiv \mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-}\tau^+\nu_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-} \mu^+\nu_\mu)$ is calculated, $$\mathcal{R}(D^{*-}) = 0.247 \pm 0.015 \pm 0.015 \pm 0.012\, ,$$ where the third uncertainty is due to the uncertainties on the external branching fractions. This result is consistent with the Standard Model prediction and with previous measurements

First observation and branching fraction measurement of the Λb0→Ds−p {\Lambda}_b^0\to {D}_s^{-}p decay

International audienceThe first observation of the ${\Lambda}_b^0\to {D}_s^{-}p$ decay is presented using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 6 fb$^{−1}$. Using the ${\Lambda}_b^0\to {\Lambda}_c^{+}{\pi}^{-}$ decay as the normalisation mode, the branching fraction of the ${\Lambda}_b^0\to {D}_s^{-}p$ decay is measured to be $\mathcal{B}\left({\Lambda}_b^0\to {D}_s^{-}p\right)=\left(12.6\pm 0.5\pm 0.3\pm 1.2\right)\times {10}^{-6}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third due to uncertainties in the branching fractions of the ${\Lambda}_b^0\to {\Lambda}_c^{+}{\pi}^{-}$, ${D}_s^{-}\to {K}^{-}{K}^{+}{\pi}^{-}$ and ${\Lambda}_c^{+}\to p{K}^{-}{\pi}^{+}$ decays.[graphic not available: see fulltext