A case of immune-mediated type 1 diabetes mellitus due to congenital rubella ınfection

Congenital rubella infection is a transplacental infection that can cause intrauterine growth retardation, cataracts, patent ductus arteriosus, hearing loss, microcephaly, thrombocytopenia, and severe fetal injury. It has been shown that type 1 diabetes mellitus develops in 12%–20% of patients with congenital rubella infection, and disorders in the oral glucose tolerance test is observed in 40% of patients. No biochemical or serological markers exist which could indicate that type 1 diabetes was caused by a congenital rubella infection. We report a 13-year-old male patient who was admitted to our hospital with complaints of new-onset polyuria, polydipsia, urination, and weight loss. In addition, he was found to have neurosensory hearing loss, patent ductus arteriosus, and microcephaly. Immunemediated type 1 diabetes mellitus was considered due to the fact that the autoantibodies of diabetes mellitus were positive

Parental psychological distress associated with COVID-19 outbreak: A large-scale multicenter survey from Turkey

Aims: Pandemics can cause substantial psychological distress; however, we do not know the impact of the COVID-19 related lockdown and mental health burden on the parents of school age children. We aimed to comparatively examine the COVID-19 related the stress and psychological burden of the parents with different occupational, locational, and mental health status related backgrounds. Methods: A large-scale multicenter online survey was completed by the parents (n = 3,278) of children aged 6 to 18 years, parents with different occupational (health care workers—HCW [18.2%] vs. others), geographical (İstanbul [38.2%] vs. others), and psychiatric (child with a mental disorder [37.8%]) backgrounds. Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that being a HCW parent (odds ratio 1.79, p <.001), a mother (odds ratio 1.67, p <.001), and a younger parent (odds ratio 0.98, p =.012); living with an adult with a chronic physical illness (odds ratio 1.38, p <.001), having an acquaintance diagnosed with COVID-19 (odds ratio 1.22, p =.043), positive psychiatric history (odds ratio 1.29, p <.001), and living with a child with moderate or high emotional distress (odds ratio 1.29, p <.001; vs. odds ratio 2.61, p <.001) were independently associated with significant parental distress. Conclusions: Parents report significant psychological distress associated with COVID-19 pandemic and further research is needed to investigate its wider impact including on the whole family unit. © The Author(s) 2020

ADHD and Drug Holidays: Effects on Anthropometric Changes during Methylpenidate Treatment.

OBJECTIVES: The current study evaluated the long-term effects of methylphenidate (MPH) discontinuation on growth parameters in Turkish children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: 432 children and adolescents (aged 6–18 years) with ADHD receiving MPH for at least 1 year between March 2012 and January 2019 were included in a retrospective cohort study. We analyzed weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) standard deviation z scores (SDS) of groups that either did (ADHD-C) or did not (ADHD-DC) discontinue MPH. Growth parameters were converted to z scores as normative values for the Turkish population to compare the measurements at baseline and the last follow-up visit by using the paired sample t-test. PRINCIPAL OBSERVATIONS: In patients from the ADHD-C group, statistically significant negative correlations were found between age at starting MPH and differences in weight and height SDS between baseline and follow-up. Children had a greater reduction in weight and height compared to adolescents. When we evaluated the differences in pre-and post-treatment growth factors, we found no significant differences between the groups in terms of growth parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that chronic use of MPH was likely responsible for changes in height and weight parameters

Neurocognitive flexibility, perfectionism, obsessive beliefs in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder

Objective: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a heteregenous psychiatric disorder. In this study, three possible etiopathogenic factors, neurocognitive flexibility, perfectionism, and obsessive beliefs in patients with OCD, were evaluated and compared with healthy controls. The hypothesis is neurocognitive flexibility, obsessive beliefs, and perfectionism may have a role in the formation of OCD symptoms. Furthermore, as perfectionism and obsessive beliefs increase, neurocognitive flexibility may deteriorate further. Method: The study included 66 OCD patients and 75 healthy controls with no psychiatric history. Berg Card Sorting Test (BCST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Category Fluency (CF) Test were used to assess neurocognitive flexibility; Hewitt Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (HMPS) and Obsessional Beliefs Questionnaire-44 (OBQ-44) were administered to evaluate perfectionism and obsessive beliefs of participants. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I) was administered to participants. Yale-Brown Obsession Compulsion Scale(Y-BOCS) was applied to evaluate severity of obsessions/compulsions, while Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was used to evaluate the severity of depression of patients. Results: Patients had high level perfectionist personality traits, and their levels of obsessive beliefs were higher than the healthy group. Trail Making Test performance was poorer in patients with OCD. There was no significant relationship between obsessive beliefs, perfectionism and neurocognitive flexibility. However, these variables differed among OCD-subtypes. Discussion: Further studies may investigate various OCD-subtypes by diversifying cognitive flexibility measurement along with biological variables

Reduced Cortical Thicknesses of Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder and Relationship with Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor

Cortical thickness (CT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were widely investigated in bipolar disorder (BD). Previous studies focused on the association between the volume of subcortical regions and neurotrophic factor levels

Blood neurofilament light chain and thrombospondin-1 levels of patients with autism spectrum disorder.

Background/aim: Neurofilaments are intermediary filaments associated with neurodegenerative processes. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a biological marker playing a role in synaptogenesis. This study aimed to investigate serum neurofilament light chain (NFL), and TSP1 levels of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typically developing (TD) children

Association Between Anterior Cingulate Cortex Neurochemical Profile and Clinical Remission After Electroconvulsive Treatment in Major Depressive Disorder A Longitudinal H-1 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study

Background The aim of the study was to assess anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neurochemical profile of patients with unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) before and after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) by using H-1 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1-MRS). Method Using H-1-MRS, the metabolite levels of choline, glutamate + glutamine (Glx), myo-inositol, N-acetylaspartate, and total creatine were measured in ACC before and after 4-week ECT. The Montgomery-angstrom sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was implemented by blind raters to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment. Electroconvulsive therapy-remitter (ER) and nonremitter groups were compared using the 1-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Results Thirty patients with unipolar MDD (aged 41.3 +/- 10.0 years, 66.7% female) were included in the study. The ER group (n = 16, 53.3%) and NR group did not differ regarding baseline Global Assessment of Functioning and MADRS scores. At the end of 4-week ECT treatment, results did not suggest any significant difference for metabolite levels in ACC. When compared with the NR group, the ER group had higher baseline levels of Glx (8.8 +/- 1.8 vs 6.3 +/- 2.0, P = 0.005) and total creatine (5.3 +/- 0.6 vs 4.7 +/- 0.5, P = 0.010). In addition, elevated baseline Glx (r = -0.68, P = 0.002) was associated with lower MADRS scores at the end treatment. Finally, the change in Glx levels was correlated with change in MADRS scores after ECT (r = 0.47, P = 0.049). Limitations Modest sample size and H-1-MRS at 1.5 Tesla are limitations of the study. Conclusions Results suggested that Glx levels could be a predictor of remission. Studies with larger samples should explore neurochemical correlates of ECT in unipolar MDD