“REKREAKTİF ALAN" VE "REKREASYON ALANI” KAVRAMLARININ MEKÂNSAL PLANLAR BAĞLAMINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

It is necessary to plan the spatial adequacy, facilities, quality and distribution of green spaces within the city in ecological integrity, taking into consideration the principles of urbanism and the public interest. Within this scope, there are laws and regulations that are in force and must be complied with in the current zoning legislation. Authorized institutions are obliged to comply with these legal regulations in spatial planning. However, in some cases; there is some confusion in the implementation process and the definitions in the regulations are not taken into account clearly. From this point of view, the concepts of “recreactive area” and “recreational area” which are often confused with each other were examined through comparative examples and spatial plans are evaluated within the framework of construction regulations. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of the relevant public institutions about the differences between the recreational area and the recreactive area, especially when making plans on the scale of the master and development plan.  As a result of the study, it is seen that the concept of “recreational area” and “recreactive area” have different meanings in terms of the current legal framework. In the “recreational areas”, it is possible to construct under certain conditions, which may be the subject of private ownership, whereas in the “recreactive areas” which are a concept of coastal use, construction is not allowed. Finally, in order not to cause any contention of administrative jurisdiction, it is necessary to pay attention to this issue in the spatial planning process.Yeşil alanların alansal olarak yeterliliğinin, donatımının, niteliğinin ve kent içerisindeki dağılımının ekolojik bütünlük içerisinde, şehircilik ilke ve prensipleri ile kamu yararı gözetilerek planlanması gerekmektedir. Bu kapsamda konu ile ilgili yürürlükte olan ve mevcut İmar Mevzuatı'na ait uyulması gereken kanun ve yönetmelikler bulunmaktadır. Yetkili kurumlar, mekânsal planların yapımında söz konusu yasal mevzuata uymakla yükümlüdür. Ancak bazı durumlarda; uygulama süreçlerinde birtakım karışıklıklar olmakta ve yönetmeliklerdeki tanımlar net olarak dikkate alınmamaktadır. Buradan hareketle, çalışma kapsamında birbiriyle sıklıkla karıştırılan "rekreaktif alan" ve "rekreasyon alanı" kavramları karşılaştırmalı örnekler üzerinden incelenmiş ve mekânsal planlar yapım yönetmelikleri çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bu makale ile amaçlanan özellikle nazım ve imar planı ölçeğinde plan yaparken ilgili kamu kurumlarının rekreaktif alan ile rekreasyon alanı kavramları arasında tanımlar ve yasal statüler yönüyle farkındalığını sağlamaktır. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda, mevcut yasal çerçeve açısından, rekreaktif alan kavramı ile rekreasyon alanı kavramlarının birbirinden farklı tanımları ve anlamları olduğu görülmüştür. Rekreasyon alanlarında özel mülkiyete konu olabilecek şekilde belli koşullarda yapılaşmaya olanak sağlanmakta, buna karşın kıyı kullanımına ait bir kavram olan rekreaktif alanlarda yapılaşmaya olanak verilmemektedir. Sonuç olarak, özellikle idari yargıda bir çekişme konusuna yol açmamak için mekânsal plan yapım süreçlerinde, tanımlardaki bu farklılıklara dikkat edilmesi gerekmektedir

The Role and Effect of Culture Cultivation (Culturevation) in the Relationship between Urbanism and Publicness

Bengü, Devran (Arel Author)In urbanism and architecture, the concepts of the public sphere, publicness, and public space have been used either as separate domains or as substitutes. However in a democratic society, these 3 concepts actually constitute a holistic whole. This point of view can only be advanced in an atmosphere of productivity that is not only non-consumerist, but which also differs from the contemporary capitalist production environment. When the art of theater is examined in relation to the development of publicness, it is possible to find spaces that may be tools of this different productivity that vitalizes the public sphere. There is quite a strong philosophical and historical connection between the development of publicness and the art of theater. In this article, the argument that theater is an influential tool in the relationship between urbanism and publicness is supported by the findings of field surveys conducted in the historic city center of the Kadikoy district of Istanbul. The findings suggest that the productivity of the rapidly increasing and accepted "alternative stages" of new generation theater spaces have characteristics that are different from the contemporary capitalist system. This productivity, which is visible in the environment of the new generation theater spaces nourishes publicness. This form of productivity that has emerged in the environment of the alternative stages observed in the field research is termed "culture cultivation" or "culturevation." This article provides a definition of culturevation and a discussion of the effective dynamics in the context of culturevation using data obtained in the field. Attention is drawn to how the existing publicness of local administrative structures, where the entirety of the public cultural production dynamic can be addressed, can be evaluated from a different perspective as sociocultural spaces that serve publicness

Protective role of Proanthocyanidin in experimental ovarian torsion

Background: Proanthocyanidin is a potent bioactive antioxidant naturally occurring in grape seed and acts as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of proanthocyanidinin in experimental ovarian torsion injury. Methods: Twenty four rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=8). Group 1: the laparotomy group, group 2: ovarian torsion group, and group 3: intervention group administered proanthocyanidinin of 50 mg/kg before bilateral ovarian ischemia and reperfusion. Histologic examination and scoring was done at the end of the experiment. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS v. 19. Results: Ovarian histopathologic findings of all three groups were significantly different in terms of hemorrhage (p<0.001), edema (p=0.001) and vascular dilatation (p<0.001). Pathologic changes induced by I/R were reduced in ovaries of rats administered proanthocyanidin, in particular, hemorrhage, edema and vascular dilatation. Conclusion: Proanthocyanidin, known as free radical scavenger and antioxidant, is protective against tissue damage induced by ischemia and/or ischemia/reperfusion in rat ovaries

Experimental Esophagitis Model Preventing Tracheal Aspiration

WOS: 000360287300011PubMed: 26469108Background. Corrosive esophagitis injuries are a serious clinical problem with many agents used for diagnosis and treatment. Experimental esophagus burn models use a method described mainly in studies by Gehanno and Guedon, and modified by Liu and Richardson. Objectives. The aim of this study was to describe a new esophagitis model that prevents tracheal aspiration. Material and Methods. In this study we used 16 Wistar albino rats weighing between 220-240 g. The experimental animals were randomly divided into two groups: the model group (group M, n: 8) and control group (group C, n: 8). The necessary anesthesia was administered. Passing through a median laparotomy incision, the abdomen was entered and in group M and C the esophagus was freed and held by a suture at the gastroesophageal junction. After this procedure, about 1 cm proximal to the gastroesophageal junction, the esophagus was suspended by a suture. The esophagus segment between the two sutures was exposed to 0.1 mL 10% NaOH in group M and 0.1 mL saline in group C for 20 s. Ten days later all experimental animals were sacrificed and their esophagus removed. After dying with hematoxylin and eosine trichrome, the histopathological evaluation results for the rats in all groups were investigated with a light microscope. Results. Histopathological examination indicated submucosal collagen increase, damage to muscularis mucosa and tunica muscularis and collagen deposition. In the model group, the rats had high neutrophils and tissue damage accompanied by necrosis. In the control group, the rats had minimal or no tissue damage and fibrosis was not observed. Conclusions. Our procedure is relatively less invasive and easy to apply with corrosive esophagitis only in the required region, and at the same time treatment medications can be easily administered

Effects of tenoxicam in experimental corrosive esophagitis model

WOS: 000352501600009PubMed: 24602009Esophageal stricture, one of the important complications of corrosive esophagus, develops following edema and granulation tissue that forms during and after the inflammatory reactions. Tenoxicam, a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug with a long half-life, prevents various leukocyte functions including phagocyte and histamine secretion by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis and removes various oxygen radicals in the region of inflammation. We designed this as a histopathological study using tenoxicam in rats for which we created a corrosive esophagus model. After necessary authorizations were obtained, the study was performed in Canakkale 18 Mart University experimental animal laboratory. Twenty-four Wistar albino rats, weighing 220-240g, were used for the experiment. Experimental animals were randomized into three groups: tenoxicam group (group T, n:8), control group (group C, n:8), and sham group (group S, n:8). Tenoxicam 0.5mg/kg/day was administered to animals in group T, where esophageal burn was developed experimentally, 5mg/kg 0.9% NaCL was administered i.p. to rats in group C for 15 days, once in 24 hours. No procedure was applied to rats in group S. After 15 days, all animals were sacrificed under general anesthesia and their esophagi were extracted. As a result of histopathological evaluation, inflammation and fibroblast proliferation was not observed in rats in the sham group (group S). Intense inflammation was observed in six rats (6+/2-) in the control group, and fibroblast proliferation was observed as 5+/3-. And in treatment groups, inflammation was evaluated as 3+/5-, and fibroblast proliferation as 3+/5-. In our study, histopathologic damage score was higher in the control group (P < 0.005). We deduce that tenoxicam can be useful in the treatment of caustic esophageal injuries in the acute phase, but think that these drugs require further researches and clinical studies before routine clinical use