EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Conference on Energy and Environment

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Conference on Energy and Environmen

Future Directions in Environmental Risk Analysis , EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Environmental Peril Seminar

Future Directions in Environmental Risk Analysis , EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Environmental Peril Semina

OpenStreetMap standalone server as a core of system for environmental data publication for wide public in Ireland

In this paper is possible to find info about system developed by EPA Environmental Protection Agency and NUI3 Maynooth for presenting environmental data collected by EPA in graphical easy to understanding for wide audience form, with focus on showing them especially on simple mobile devices like most basic telephones with Java Mobile edition on board

Creating incentives for industry self-policing: an evaluation of the EPA’s audit policy

To encourage industry self policing, the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) offers rewards, in the form of reduced penalties, to firms that voluntarily conduct compliance audits and report any discovered violations to the EPA. This paper evaluates the EPA's audit policy by comparing the social costs when self auditing occurs with the alternative of relying on agency inspections to uncover violations. Because of the need to maintain a credible deterrent, self policing reduces, but does not eliminate inspection costs. When inspections or audits are costly compared to the damage caused by violations, self auditing will not be socially beneficial

Examining Water Quality along Cozine Creek

Water is an essential resource for all life. Water sustains ecological processes that are important to the survival of fish, vegetation, wetlands, and birds. It contributes to humans by providing drinking water, irrigation, and also is an inspiration for recreational, cultural, and spiritual practices. Anthropogenic activities affect water quality in various ways, and a significant portion of the human population is currently experiencing water stress. The quality of water, as well as its social and economic value, share a positive relationship. Therefore, as water quality becomes degraded by pollution, the environmental, social, and economic value also decrease. The recognition of the importance of safe water has created crucial policies in the United States and internationally. Our study looks specifically into the water quality of Cozine Creek, located in Yamhill County, Oregon. The goal of our study was to determine how water quality variables compared among our sampling sites in 2017 and across the years from 2011 to 2017. We used the definition of water quality as determined by measuring physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. We measured dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), pH, temperature, flow, turbidity, macroinvertebrates, bacterial counts, nutrients, and surrounding vegetation. To present a better understanding to the measurements of the water quality variables, we compared the measurements to the scientifically known parameters of healthy salmonid habitat, since the presence of salmon indicates a healthy watershed. Our data suggest that the overall quality of our three sites along Cozine Creek is poor, and there was little to no improvement of water quality when compared to previous years\u27 data. It is likely that the water quality can be attributed to agricultural and urban runoff possibly containing waste, storm water, pesticides, fertilizer, and other chemicals

Water Infrastructure Financing: History of EPA Appropriations

The principal federal program to aid municipal wastewater treatment plant construction is authorized in the Clean Water Act (CWA). In appropriations legislation, funding for EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) wastewater assistance is contained in the measure providing funds for the Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. This report summarizes, in chronological order, congressional activity to fund items in the State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG) account since 1987

Synergistic disruption of external male sex organ development by a mixture of four antiandrogens

Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives.Background: By disrupting the action of androgens during gestation, certain chemicals present in food, consumer products, and the environment can induce irreversible demasculinization and malformations of sex organs among male offspring. However, the consequences of simultaneous exposure to such chemicals are not well described, especially when they exert their actions by differing molecular mechanisms. Objectives: To fill this gap, we investigated the effects of mixtures of a widely used plasticizer, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP); two fungicides present in food, vinclozolin and prochloraz; and a pharmaceutical, finasteride, on landmarks of male sexual development in the rat, including changes in anogenital distance (AGD), retained nipples, sex organ weights, and malformations of genitalia. These chemicals were chosen because they disrupt androgen action with differing mechanisms of action. Results: Strikingly, the effect of combined exposure to the selected chemicals on malformations of external sex organs was synergistic, and the observed responses were greater than would be predicted from the toxicities of the individual chemicals. In relation to other hallmarks of disrupted male sexual development, including changes in AGD, retained nipples, and sex organ weights, the combined effects were dose additive. When the four chemicals were combined at doses equal to no observed adverse effect levels estimated for nipple retention, significant reductions in AGD were observed in male offspring. Conclusions: Because unhindered androgen action is essential for human male development in fetal life, these findings are highly relevant to human risk assessment. Evaluations that ignore the possibility of combination effects may lead to considerable underestimations of risks associated with exposures to chemicals that disrupt male sexual differentiation.European Union and the Danish Environmental Protection Agency