INTERNATIONAL LAW-STATUS OF GERMANY-NATIONALITY LAWS-VOTING IN GERMAN ELECTION AS FORFEITURE OF UNITED STATES CITIZENSHIP

Petitioner, an American citizen living in Germany, voted in the January 27, 1946 election of local officials in Rodach, Germany, American Zone of Occupation, held under the direction and with the approval of the Office of Military Government for Bavaria. Petitioner was issued a certificate of loss of nationality, based on section 801(e) of the Nationality Act of 1940, which provides that American nationality is lost through voting in a political election in a foreign state. Held, petitioner had not lost her citizenship. The Rodach election was held in territory then ruled and governed by the United States and was held by permission and under the direction and by the authority of the United States and was not a political election in a foreign state within the meaning of section 801(e). Brehm v. Acheson, Secretary of State, (D.C. Tex. 1950) 90 F. Supp. 662

INTERNATIONAL LAW-ALIENS-CONFISCATION OF ALIEN ENEMY PROPERTY-ALIEN ENEMY CHARACTER OF SHINTO SHRINE IN HAWAII

Plaintiff, a Hawaiian corporation, brought suit under section 9 of the Trading with the Enemy Act for the return of real and personal property vested in 1948 under authority of section S(b). Evidence was introduced to show that plaintiff\u27s members were largely alien Japanese; that, prior to December 7, 1941, plaintiff operated what purported to be a Shinto shrine in Honolulu where three Japanese gods were worshiped; that the shrine looked like a Shinto shrine and was in some respects operated like one. It was further shown that plaintiff\u27s members had no real understanding of the tenets of Shintoism as it existed in Japan; that in Japan Shintoism had been distorted and used as an ideological weapon against Japan\u27s enemies; and that plaintiff had ties of love and affection with the Shintoist organization in Japan. The court found as a fact that plaintiff was not controlled, directly or indirectly, financially or ideologically, by the Japanese government, and that, whatever ties with Japan might have existed before or during the war, MacArthur\u27s order of 1945, providing that Shintoism would no longer be recognized as a state religion, divested the Japanese government of any control over Shintoism anywhere in the world. Held, the plaintiff has proven itself eligible under the Act to have a judicial order directing the Custodian to return to it the vested property ... it will be so ordered .... The evidence disclosed no enemy taint, and the vesting was a violation of the first amendment of the Constitution of the United States. Kotohira Jinsha v. McGrath, (D.C. Hawaii 1950) 90 F. Supp. 892

TRUSTS-CONSTRUCTION-WHETHER DEVISE OF ANY UNDISBURSED INCOME AFTER LIFE TENANT\u27S DEATH INCLUDES INCOME WHICH ACCRUED BEFORE LIFE TENANT\u27S DEATH

Testator\u27s residuary estate was put in trust to pay income, dividends and profits to the testator\u27s wife so long as she shall live. In the same paragraph the will provided that at her death the trustee shall stand seized and possessed of said residuary estate including any undisbursed income in trust. In a sub-paragraph the trustee was directed to pay over the balance of said residuary estate to St. Joseph\u27s Hospital. During her widowhood, testator\u27s wife was in Switzerland where wartime exchange controls precluded payment of income to her under the terms of the trust. Both her administrator and the residuary legatee claimed the income accumulated and held by the trustee at the date of ber death. Held, the income in question became a part of the testator\u27s estate and should be paid to the hospital. A will must be construed in accordance with the testator\u27s intention as indicated by his language which in this instance is unambiguous; the ordinary literal meaning of undisbursed income is not paid out, and testator intended to benefit only the chief objects of his bounty, his wife so long as she was living and the hospital. Rhode Island Hospital Trust Co. v. Otis, CR.I. 1950) 75 A. (2d) 210

Quantitative modeling of \textit{in situ} x-ray reflectivity during organic molecule thin film growth

Synchrotron-based x-ray reflectivity is increasingly employed as an \textit{in situ} probe of surface morphology during thin film growth, but complete interpretation of the results requires modeling the growth process. Many models have been developed and employed for this purpose, yet no detailed, comparative studies of their scope and accuracy exists in the literature. Using experimental data obtained from hyperthermal deposition of pentane and diindenoperylene (DIP) on SiO$_2$, we compare and contrast three such models, both with each other and with detailed characterization of the surface morphology using ex-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). These two systems each exhibit particular phenomena of broader interest: pentacene/SiO$_2$ exhibits a rapid transition from rough to smooth growth. DIP/SiO$_2$, under the conditions employed here, exhibits growth rate acceleration due to a different sticking probability between the substrate and film. In general, \textit{independent of which model is used}, we find good agreement between the surface morphology obtained from fits to the \insitu x-ray data with the actual morphology at early times. This agreement deteriorates at later time, once the root-mean squared (rms) film roughness exceeds about 1 ML. A second observation is that, because layer coverages are under-determined by the evolution of a single point on the reflectivity curve, we find that the best fits to reflectivity data --- corresponding to the lowest values of $\chi_\nu^2$ --- do not necessarily yield the best agreement between simulated and measured surface morphologies. Instead, it appears critical that the model reproduce all local extrema in the data. In addition to showing that layer morphologies can be extracted from a minimal set of data, the methodology established here provides a basis for improving models of multilayer growth by comparison to real systems.Comment: 34 pages (double-spaced, including figures and references), 10 figures, 3 appendice

Automated segmentation and analysis of normal and osteoarthritic knee menisci from magnetic resonance images: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative

OBJECTIVE: To validate an automatic scheme for the segmentation and quantitative analysis of the medial meniscus (MM) and lateral meniscus (LM) in magnetic resonance (MR) images of the knee

Explainable Semantic Medical Image Segmentation with Style

Semantic medical image segmentation using deep learning has recently achieved high accuracy, making it appealing to clinical problems such as radiation therapy. However, the lack of high-quality semantically labelled data remains a challenge leading to model brittleness to small shifts to input data. Most works require extra data for semi-supervised learning and lack the interpretability of the boundaries of the training data distribution during training, which is essential for model deployment in clinical practice. We propose a fully supervised generative framework that can achieve generalisable segmentation with only limited labelled data by simultaneously constructing an explorable manifold during training. The proposed approach creates medical image style paired with a segmentation task driven discriminator incorporating end-to-end adversarial training. The discriminator is generalised to small domain shifts as much as permissible by the training data, and the generator automatically diversifies the training samples using a manifold of input features learnt during segmentation. All the while, the discriminator guides the manifold learning by supervising the semantic content and fine-grained features separately during the image diversification. After training, visualisation of the learnt manifold from the generator is available to interpret the model limits. Experiments on a fully semantic, publicly available pelvis dataset demonstrated that our method is more generalisable to shifts than other state-of-the-art methods while being more explainable using an explorable manifold

Automated 3D quantitative assessment and measurement of alpha angles from the femoral head-neck junction using MR imaging

To develop an automated approach for 3D quantitative assessment and measurement of alpha angles from the femoral head-neck (FHN) junction using bone models derived from magnetic resonance (MR) images of the hip joint

Response functions of a germanium-sodium iodide detector system.

A gamma ray spectrometer is described which uses a lithium drifted germanium diode or sodium iodide crystal as a central detector in conjunction with an annular segmented sodium iodide assembly. The system can operate as a total absorption, anticoincidence, or pair spectrometer and individual detectors may be used separately. Thus, the requirements of high resolution or high efficiency gamma ray spectroscopy can be met by suitable choice of mode of operation. The various modes of operation are compared and typical results given to illustrate their performance at a variety of gamma ray energies. A detailed analysis is given of the response of 30 cm3 Ge(Li) detector for gamma rays up to 17.6 MeV

Development of high-gain gaseous photomultipliers for the visible spectral range

We summarize the development of visible-sensitive gaseous photomultipliers, combining a semitransparent bi-alkali photocathode with a state-of-the-art cascaded electron multiplier. The latter has high photoelectron collection efficiency and a record ion blocking capability. We describe in details the system and methods of photocathode production and characterization, their coupling with the electron multiplier and the gaseous-photomultiplier operation and characterization in a continuous mode. We present results on the properties of laboratory-produced K$_2$CsSb, Cs$_3$Sb and Na$_2$KSb photocathodes and report on their stability and QE in gas; K$_2$CsSb photocathodes yielded QE values in Ar/CH$_4$(95/5) above 30% at wavelengths of 360-400 nm. The novel gaseous photomultiplier yielded stable operation at gains of 10$^5$, in continuous operation mode, in 700 Torr of this gas; its sensitivity to single photons was demonstrated. Other properties are described. The successful detection of visible light with this gas-photomultiplier pave ways towards further development of large-area sealed imaging detectors, of flat geometry, insensitive to magnetic fields, which might have significant impact on light detection in numerous fields.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures, for submission to JINS

The outflow in Mrk 509: A method to calibrate XMM-Newton EPIC-pn and RGS

We have analyzed three XMM-Newton observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 509, with the goal to detect small variations in the ionized outflow properties. Such measurements are limited by the quality of the cross-calibration between RGS, the best instrument to characterize the spectrum, and EPIC-pn, the best instrument to characterize the variability. For all three observations we are able to improve the relative calibration of RGS and pn consistently to 4 %. In all observations we detect three different outflow components and, thanks to our accurate cross-calibration we are able to detect small differences in the ionization parameter and column density in the highest ionized component of the outflow. This constrains the location of this component of the outflow to within 0.5 pc of the central source. Our method for modeling the relative effective area is not restricted to just this source and can in principle be extended to other types of sources as well.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figure