Deep sequencing of the Mexican avocado transcriptome, an ancient angiosperm with a high content of fatty acids

Background: Avocado (Persea americana) is an economically important tropical fruit considered to be a good source of fatty acids. Despite its importance, the molecular and cellular characterization of biochemical and developmental processes in avocado is limited due to the lack of transcriptome and genomic information. Results: The transcriptomes of seeds, roots, stems, leaves, aerial buds and flowers were determined using different sequencing platforms. Additionally, the transcriptomes of three different stages of fruit ripening (pre-climacteric, climacteric and post-climacteric) were also analyzed. The analysis of the RNAseqatlas presented here reveals strong differences in gene expression patterns between different organs, especially between root and flower, but also reveals similarities among the gene expression patterns in other organs, such as stem, leaves and aerial buds (vegetative organs) or seed and fruit (storage organs). Important regulators, functional categories, and differentially expressed genes involved in avocado fruit ripening were identified. Additionally, to demonstrate the utility of the avocado gene expression atlas, we investigated the expression patterns of genes implicated in fatty acid metabolism and fruit ripening. Conclusions: A description of transcriptomic changes occurring during fruit ripening was obtained in Mexican avocado, contributing to a dynamic view of the expression patterns of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and the fruit ripening process

5-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one (2,5'-dimethoxyflavone)

C17H14O4, M(r) = 282.30, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 7.402 (1), b = 12.466 (2), c = 14.619 (2) angstrom, beta = 97.25 (1)-degrees, V = 1338.2 (3) angstrom 3, Z = 4, D(x) = 1.40 g cm-3, Cu K-alpha, lambda = 1.54178 angstrom, mu = 8.34 cm-1, F(000) = 592, T = 291 K, R = 0.042 for 1684 observed reflections. The dihedral angle between the benzopyran and the phenyl ring mean planes is 10.5 (5)-degrees

Structure of 7-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one (2',7-dimethoxyflavone)

C17H14O4, M(r) = 282.30, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 12.498 (4), b = 9.490 (2), c = 12.184 (2) angstrom, beta = 107.87 (2)degrees, V = 1375.4 (6) angstrom 3, Z = 4, D(x) = 1.36 g cm-3, Cu K-alpha, lambda = 1.54178 angstrom, mu = 7.98 cm-1, F(000) = 592, T = 291 K, R = 0.042 for 1848 observed reflections. The benzopyran heterocycle is planar within experimental errors (max. deviation from the best mean plane through the ten atoms 0.031 angstrom). The dihedral angle between the heterocycle and the phenyl ring is 23.5 (5)degrees. The methoxy groups are nearly coplanar with their aromatic rings (torsion angles about C(arom)-O are 4-6-degrees)

Yellow passion fruit seed oil (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa): physical and chemical characteristics

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition -physico-chemical properties, fatty acid and tocopherol compositions and total phenolic compounds -and evaluate the radical-scavenging activity of crude oil extracted from passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) seeds, aiming to use the agro-industrial by-products. The oil seed extraction was performed by Soxhlet method and the oil yield from the seeds was 30.39%. The oil showed high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (87.59%), including mainly linoleic (73.14%) and oleic (13.83%) acids, tocopherol (499.30 mg/kg) and phenolic compounds (1,314.13 mg GAE/kg). The physico-chemical characteristics were similar to those of other edible oils and the oil showed significant antioxidant activity. Therefore, the potential utilization of the passion fruit seed oil as a raw material for food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries could be favorable