Intentional Community Formation: Contexts, Values and the Creation of Community

The formation of intentional communities is a recurrent event in world history. Although 1969 has been labeled "the year of the commune," the group living, communism of consumption and free love frequently associated with the communes of the late 1960s and early 1970s in the United States were far from original, and their ideologies were far from the extremes proposed by some earlier group efforts to create the ideal way of life. Even without the advertising advantages of television, glossy magazines and the mimeograph machine, intentional communities have attracted the attention of writers since before the time of Christ. Although the phenomenon of intentional community formation is recurrent, it is not constant. On the contrary, certain periods of time and in certain cultures, such as the late 1960s in the United States, appear to be particularly conducive to the emergence of intentional communities and produce large numbers of them, while others produce a small number, and still others, none at all. This thesis attempts to gain an understanding of one aspect of this variation: intentional communities are formed in unusually large numbers in certain social and temporal settings. These settings typically exist in societies which are undergoing social and economic changes and which contain large anomie groups

Russian Mafia In America: Immigration, Culture, And Crime

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Problem-oriented policing in public housing: The Jersey City evaluation

This paper examines the impact of a problem-oriented policing project on serious crime problems in six public housing sites in Jersey City, New Jersey. Representatives from the police department and the local housing authority, social service providers, and public housing tenants formed six problem-solving teams. Using systematic documentation of the teams' activities and calls for police service, we examine changes in serious crime both across and within the six sites over a 2 1/2-year period. We find that problem-oriented policing, as compared with traditional policing strategies used before the problem-oriented policing project, led to fewer serious crime calls for service over time and that two public housing sites in particular succeeded in reducing violent, property, and vehicle-related crimes

Problem-oriented policing in violent crime places: A randomized controlled experiment

Over the past decade, problem-oriented policing has become a central strategy for policing. In a number of studies, problem-oriented policing has been found to be effective in reducing crime and disorder. However, very little is known about the value of problem-oriented interventions in controlling violent street crime. The National Academy of Sciences' Panel on the Understanding and Control of Violent Behavior suggests that sustained research on problem-oriented policing initiatives that modify places, routine activities, and situations that promote violence could contribute much to the understanding and control of violence. This study evaluates the effects of problem-oriented policing interventions on urban violent crime problems in Jersey City, New Jersey. Twenty-four high-activity, violent crime places were matched into 12 pairs and one member of each pair was allocated to treatment conditions in a randomized block field experiment. The results of the impact evaluation support the growing body of research that asserts focused police efforts can reduce crime and disorder at problem places without causing crime problems to displace to surrounding areas