Atualidade e fecundidade da obra de Durkheim na sociologia da educação

Mesa-redonda coordenada por Jean-Claude Filloux com a participação de Pierre Bourdieu, Michel Eliard e Aïssa Kadr

Political Tsunami: An End to Hegemony in Zimbabwe

ON the 16th of November 2017, Zimbabwe woke up to a story which signalled an end to the leadership of long-time president Robert Gabriel Mugabe. Mugabe had been in power since 1980 when Zimbabwe attained independence. Viewed as enigmatic, Mugabe’s political career is characterised by scheming, duplicity and worse he is considered a sheriff in a club of dictators [1]. In other circles, he is viewed as an icon and perhaps, one of Africa’s best nationalists. By squaring up to the might of the United Kingdom (UK) and United States of America (USA) over the land issue, Mugabe is viewed as courageous. It is the issue of land that saw the landless majority of black Zimbabweans waging war against British settlers. Before land reform, most of the prime land in Zimbabwe had been in the hands of a minority 400 white farmers of European decent. Notably, Mugabe alongside the late Joshua Nkomo among others led the struggle against colonialism. In some quarters, Mugabe’s leadership can be understood better through a Machiavellian lens. Although there are some positives associated with Machiavellianism, in simple terms particularly in the context of this paper, the concept is a byword for “scheming, plotting and debauchery”. Quite notably, Mugabe’s political career is sometimes associated with the shenanigans of Machiavellian politics. The general view is that Mugabe overstayed his welcome in power, having been at the helm of Zimbabwe’s politics for an uninterrupted 37 years. He is one of Africa’s longest serving presidents such as the late Hastings Kamuzu Banda of Malawi. Having been in power for so long, Mugabe must inevitably have trammelled on some people’s toes and hurt the ego of others. From the UK, the Queen came short of withdrawing Mugabe’s knighthood (an honour bestowed by a British king or queen for one’s achievements or service to his country). This paper is a historical choreography of the fall of Mugabe from political power. Undoubtedly in itself a proverbial “political tsunami”, the departure of Mugabe from politics deserves a context, if not a proper one.A tsunami is a series of tidal or seismic sea waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of water which result in cataclysmic consequences. A recent example is the tsunami that ravaged parts of Asia around 2007. The quest for knowledge about Mugabe’s downfall and the concomitant issues around the event lends traction to the paper. These and other issues are discussed in this paper through the discourse analysis, interviews and informal discussions. Informal discussions can simply be referred to as chats. Notably, chats are a powerful tool for the collection of information despite the clandestine nature through which they operate which appears unethical at face value. The qualitative instruments highlighted above were the analytic tools for the information used to complete this paper

Spectroscopic study of the vulcanization reaction and the thermal aging of rubber materials

Comprendre le vieillissement des caoutchoucs afin de le ralentir est un challenge industriel. Pour répondre à cette problématique, la caractérisation du matériau à chaque étape de sa préparation est primordiale. En effet la vulcanisation au soufre est largement utilisée dans l’industrie alors que les mécanismes réactionnels et la structure des matériaux formés restent encore hypothétiques et controversés. La connaissance de ces mécanismes permettrait une amélioration de leur durée de vie. Pour cela nous avons utilisé des techniques innovantes comme l’Analyse Directe en Temps Réel couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (DART-MS) et la Résonance Paramagnétique Electronique (RPE). Une analyse par spectroscopie RPE et DART-MS est effectuée sur chaque additif et mélange (gomme et additifs) à différentes étapes de leur préparation (brut, cru et vulcanisé) pour constituer une base de données. Le cœur de la thèse est l’étude menée par RPE sur la réaction de vulcanisation et sur le vieillissement accéléré des matériaux afin d’apporter des éléments de réponse sur les mécanismes radicalaires proposés dans la littérature. La vulcanisation est étudiée en comparant l’étude ex-situ consistant à analyser le matériau ayant subi la vulcanisation au sein du rhéomètre et l’étude in situ qui consiste à mimer cette réaction au sein du spectromètre RPE pour une étude en temps réelle. Les analyses par RPE montrent la présence d’espèces paramagnétiques de différentes natures (organique et métallique) évoluant au cours de la réaction de vulcanisation et de vieillissement. La spectroscopie RPE montre clairement son intérêt dans l’étude de la réaction de vulcanisation et le suivi du vieillissement.Understanding the rubber materials’ aging is a challenge in the world of industry. To respond at this problematic, the characterization of the material at each stage of its preparation is essential. Actually, sulfur vulcanization is often used in industry while the reaction’s mechanisms and the structure of the materials formed are still hypothetical and controversial. Knowledge of these mechanisms would improve the life of rubbers. For this we have used innovative techniques such as Direct Analysis at Real-Time coupled with Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) and Electronic Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). Spectroscopic analysis by EPR and DART-MS is performed on each additive and mixture (rubber and additives) at different stages of their preparation (raw, uncured and vulcanized) to make a database. The center of the thesis is the study conducted by EPR on the vulcanization reaction and the accelerated aging of materials to provide response’s elements on the radical mechanisms proposed in the literature. Vulcanization is studied by comparing the ex-situ study which the material is vulcanized in the rheometer and the in-situ study which mimicking the vulcanization reaction in the EPR spectrometer for a real-time study. EPR analyzes show the presence of different paramagnetic species (organic and metallic) evolving during the vulcanization and aging reaction. EPR spectroscopy shows clearly its interest in the study of the vulcanization reaction and in the aging

Christian Taillard, « Géographie rurale des berges de la Nam Ngun dans la plaine de Vientiane, Laos ».

Eliard Aurore. Christian Taillard, « Géographie rurale des berges de la Nam Ngun dans la plaine de Vientiane, Laos ». . In: Études rurales, n°57, 1975. pp. 130-133

Christian Taillard, « Géographie rurale des berges de la Nam Ngun dans la plaine de Vientiane, Laos ».

Eliard Aurore. Christian Taillard, « Géographie rurale des berges de la Nam Ngun dans la plaine de Vientiane, Laos ». . In: Études rurales, n°57, 1975. pp. 130-133

Sociologie et éducation. De Condorcet à Durkheim

Condorcet brought in his Report on public instruction, at the Legislative Assembly, on the 20th and 21st of April 1792. A well-known mathematician when he was 25 years old, passionately fond of justice and equality, he created a theory of instruction which, according to him, could produce equality between citizens, while maintaining a social hierarchy, built only on the difference of talents. Durkheim fit into the continuity of Condorcet's thinking when he took part in the edification of public instruction, 90 years later. But, his organicist conception of society and of education proves him to be closer to Montesquieu's more conservative thinking.Condorcet présente son Rapport sur l'instruction publique à l'Assemblée législative les 20 et 21 avril 1792. Mathématicien célèbre à 25 ans, passionné de justice et d'égalité, il a construit une théorie de l'instruction susceptible, selon lui, de réaliser l'égalité entre les citoyens, tout en maintenant une hiérarchie sociale fondée sur la seule différence de talents. Durkheim s'inscrit dans la continuité de Condorcet par sa contribution à l'édification de l'école publique, 90 ans plus tard ; mais sa conception organiciste de la société et de l'éducation le rapproche davantage de la pensée, plus conservatrice, de Montesquieu.Eliard Michel. Sociologie et éducation. De Condorcet à Durkheim. In: Revue française de pédagogie, volume 104, 1993. pp. 55-60

La concession de vente, le litige et l'internationalisation

Master [120] en droit, Université catholique de Louvain, 201

Études et action

Eliard Michel. Études et action. In: Bulletin de psychologie, tome 14 n°186, 1960. p. 320

La santé et le recours aux soins des "sans domicile fixe" à Paris

TOULOUSE2-BUC Mirail (315552102) / SudocSudocFranceF