The circulation of the lower Capibaribe Estuary (Brazil) and its implications for the transport of scalars

The Capibaribe Estuary is a water body that crosses the Recife Metropolitan Area (RMA), one of the largest population centers in Brazil, and causes large pollutant loads and poor water quality. The fresh water inflow of wastewater from the RMA can account for three times the volume of the river discharge during the low discharge period. This article assesses the hydrodynamics and potential transport of particulate and dissolved scalars in this estuary. A field experiment was conducted to record the water level, current velocity, salinity, temperature and suspended particulate matter (SPM) contents during a full semi-diurnal tidal cycle. This experiment was performed during low river discharge and spring tide conditions. The estuary showed a partially mixed circulation pattern. The residual transport of water and salt were up estuary, while the SPM residual transport was down estuary. The former were understood as the effect of the residual circulation around the islands, while the latter was interpreted as a morphological factor inducing greater resuspension during the ebb, despite the symmetrical ebb and flood currents. This mechanism may transport SPM to the inner shelf, even under tide-dominated conditions when the opposite would be expected.O estuário do Rio Capibaribe é um corpo de água que atravessa a Região Metropolitana de Recife (RMR), um dos maiores centros populacionais do Brasil, o que causa grande quantidade de carga de poluentes e baixa qualidade da água. A entrada de água doce a partir das águas residuais da RMR pode contabilizar mais de três vezes a contribuição fluvial durante o período de baixa descarga. Este artigo investiga a hidrodinâmica e o potencial transporte de escalares particulados e dissolvidos neste estuário. Um experimento de campo foi realizado para registrar nível da água, velocidade de corrente, salinidade, temperatura e material particulado em suspensão (MPS) durante um ciclo de maré semidiurno completo. O experimento foi realizado em condições de baixa descarga e em condições de maré de sizígia. O estuário apresentou padrão de circulação parcialmente estratificado. O transporte residual de água e sal foi estuário acima, enquanto que o transporte residual de MPS foi estuário abaixo. Os primeiros são entendidos como o efeito da complexa circulação ao redor das ilhas que formam o baixo estuário, enquanto que o último foi interpretado como devido a efeitos morfológicos que induzem à ressuspensão durante a vazante, a despeito da simetria entre correntes de enchente e vazante. Este mecanismo pode produzir transporte para a plataforma adjacente, mesmo durante períodos dominados pela maré, quando o oposto seria esperado

Tidal and sub-tidal sea level variability at the northern shelf of the Brazilian Northeast Region

ABSTRACT A characterization of the sea level variability at tidal and sub-tidal frequencies at the northern shore of the Brazilian Northeast shelf for the period 2009-2011 is presented. The sea level data used was obtained from the Permanent Geodetic Tide Network from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics for the Fortaleza gauge station. Local wind data was also used to assess its effects on the low-frequency sea level variability. The variability of the sea level was investigated by classical harmonic analysis and by morphology assessment over the tidal signal. The low frequencies were obtained by low-pass filtering. The tidal range oscillated with the highest value of 3.3 m during the equinox and the lowest value of 0.7 m during the solstice. Differences between the spring and neap tides were as high as 1 m. A total of 59 tidal constituents were obtained from harmonic analysis, and the regional tide was classified as semi-diurnal pure with a form number of 0.11. An assessment of the monthly variability of the main tidal constituents (M2, S2, N2, O1, and K1) indicated that the main semi-diurnal solar S2 presented the highest variability, ranging from 0.21 to 0.41 m; it was the main element altering the form number through the years. The low frequency sea-level variability is negligible, although there is a persistent signal with an energy peak in the 10-15 day period, and it cannot be explained by the effects of local winds

Hidrodinâmica do sistema estuarino do rio Itapocu e Lagoa de Barra Velha, SC, Brasil

A hydrodynamic characterization of the Itapocu river and Barra Velha lagoon estuarine system was carried out with the objective of evaluating how the current regime in this area is affected by astronomical and meteorological tides and the river discharge. Meteorological, water level and current velocity and direction data were gathered hourly during a twenty-day period, from 22-July until 10-August, 2004. Current meters were positioned at the inlet, at the entrance of the north and south lagoons and at the lower estuary of the river along with a tide gauge. The estuarine system showed distinct current behavior among the different sectors within the estuary, responding to the different forcings. The strongest currents were observed at the inlet while the weakest values were observed at the northern lagoon, a location that showed little dynamic. The general flow was ebb-dominated flux, in response to fluvial discharge, even during local wind water set-up event.Uma caracterização hidrodinâmica do sistema estuarino do rio Itapocu e Lagoa de Barra Velha foi realizada com objetivo de avaliar como o regime de correntes é afetado pela maré astronômica e meteorológica, e pela descarga fluvial. Dados meteorológicos, nível da água e correntes foram registrados em intervalos horários durante um período de vinte dias, entre 22 de julho até 10 de agosto de 2004. Os correntógrafos foram posicionados na desembocadura, nas conexões do estuário com as lagoas norte e sul, e no baixo estuário, juntamente com um marégrafo. O sistema estuarino apresentou comportamento de correntes diferenciado entre as diversas localizações, em resposta às diferentes forçantes. As correntes mais intensas foram registradas na desembocadura, e as mais fracas na lagoa norte, local que apresentou uma hidrodinâmica muito reduzida. O escoamento apresentou fluxo residual de vazante, em resposta à descarga fluvial, mesmo durante eventos de subida do nível do mar causados pelo vento.FAPESCCNP

The circulation of the lower Capibaribe Estuary (Brazil) and its implications for the transport of scalars

Abstract The Capibaribe Estuary is a water body that crosses the Recife Metropolitan Area (RMA), one of the largest population centers in Brazil, and causes large pollutant loads and poor water quality. The fresh water inflow of wastewater from the RMA can account for three times the volume of the river discharge during the low discharge period. This article assesses the hydrodynamics and potential transport of particulate and dissolved scalars in this estuary. A field experiment was conducted to record the water level, current velocity, salinity, temperature and suspended particulate matter (SPM) contents during a full semi-diurnal tidal cycle. This experiment was performed during low river discharge and spring tide conditions. The estuary showed a partially mixed circulation pattern. The residual transport of water and salt were up estuary, while the SPM residual transport was down estuary. The former were understood as the effect of the residual circulation around the islands, while the latter was interpreted as a morphological factor inducing greater resuspension during the ebb, despite the symmetrical ebb and flood currents. This mechanism may transport SPM to the inner shelf, even under tide-dominated conditions when the opposite would be expected