Ownership and Property Rights Issues in Watershed Resource Management

Well-defined property rights recognize the ownership of material and abstract things. The low enforcement of property rights for a certain resource may lead to its abuse. Hence, its application on watershed needs to be understood. This paper attempts to show the dualistic system of considering property rights and its implication to policy research.natural resources and environment, property rights, watershed

Ownership and Property Rights Issues in Watershed Resource Management

Well-defined property rights recognize the ownership of material and abstract things. The low enforcement of property rights for a certain resource may lead to its abuse. Hence, its application on watershed needs to be understood. This paper attempts to show the dualistic system of considering property rights and its implication to policy research.natural resources and environment, property rights, watershed

Measuring Regional Cohesion Effects of Large-scale Transport Infrastructure Investments: An Accessibility Approach.

Cohesion is considered one of the main policy goals both at a EU an national level. However, there is currently a lack of a common approach to measure cohesion effects of large-scale transport infrastructure investments. Accessibility indicators have an unexploited potential in transportation assessment methodologies. Accessibility is considered an added value of locations, which represents one of the elements contributing to a region’s welfare. Therefore, spatial distribution of accessibility may be used as a proxy to assess regional cohesion. This paper suggests an approach consisting in measuring changes in the spatial distribution of four different accessibility indicators, computed and mapped using a GIS support. Cohesion is subsequently measured calculating a set of inequality indices of the resulting accessibility distribution. It is possible then to assess whether disparities in regional accessibility are increased or reduced after the implementation of a new transport infrastructure. This approach is tested assessing regional cohesion effects of road and rail network developments in Spain in the period 1992-2004. Comparing the results obtained with accessibility indicators and inequality indices allows identifying the main critical factors and sources of bias. The conclusion is that for the rode mode, cohesion has improved, while regional disparities have increased for the rail mode

The Philippine Health Institutions: Some Problems, Approaches and Policy Issues

This paper presents a brief analysis of the current situation of Philippine health institutions using secondary data. It locates the different types of health institutions, describes its major problems, discusses recent approaches these institutions have adopted to improve delivery of health care services and extricates policy-related issues and data gaps from available literature.health sector, hospitals, hospital care, health centers

Mapping the ICT in EU Regions: Location, Employment, Factors of Attractiveness and Economic Impact

Factual evidence suggests that ICT-led growth and ICT-producing sectors are strongly localised geographically. Given that the nature of ongoing technological change and innovation dynamics has a strong local/regional component, public policies need to be designed at this level as well. However, little is known - if anything - of the regional impact of ICT. The present study documents the regional impact of ICT by mapping the location of the ICT industry in the EU25, analysing the volume and nature of ICT employment across European regions, identifying the determinants of EU regions’ attractiveness for ICT business location and, finally, assessing the contribution of ICT investment to regional growth and convergence. The study provides evidence for the prominent role played by the Computing Services sector in recent employment and skills' changes in the ICT industry, as well as for the emergence of new regional growth poles in the EU. Departing from traditional business models, this sector of activity presents relatively low sunk costs, especially in terms of physical capital requirement while having strong innovative and skills content, opening-up new opportunities for regional development in the EU. These factors also seem to explain much of the recent trends in ICT multinationals firms' location over the past decade. The study also shows that ICT capital investment tends to promote regional economic convergence. Regional policies aiming to promote regional cohesion must therefore consider ICT diffusion as a potentially important tool for the promotion of convergence throughout the EU. Importantly, ICT diffusion should also be accompanied by other policies and, in particular, policies aiming at improving education and skills levels. The study also shows that the absence of high ICT specialisation should not be seen as a major barrier to promoting the impact of ICT on regional development.Information and Communication Technologica, European Union, Regions, Location, Employment, Qualifications Atractiveness

Genome wide comparative analysis of the effects of PRMT5 and PRMT4/CARM1 arginine methyltransferases on the Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptome

BACKGROUND: Methylation at arginine residues (R) is an important post-translational modification that regulates a myriad of essential cellular processes in eukaryotes, such as transcriptional regulation, RNA processing, signal transduction and DNA repair. Arginine methylation is catalyzed by a family of enzymes known as protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). PRMTs are classified as Type I or Type II, depending on the position of the methyl group on the guanidine of the methylated arginine. Previous reports have linked symmetric R methylation to transcriptional repression, while asymmetric R methylation is generally associated with transcriptional activation. However, global studies supporting this conclusion are not available. RESULTS: Here we compared side by side the physiological and molecular roles of the best characterized plant PRMTs, the Type II PRMT5 and the Type I PRMT4, also known as CARM1 in mammals. We found that prmt5 and prmt4a;4b mutants showed similar alterations in flowering time, photomorphogenic responses and salt stress tolerance, while only prmt5 mutants exhibited alterations in circadian rhythms. An RNA-seq analysis revealed that expression and splicing of many differentially regulated genes was similarly enhanced or repressed by PRMT5 and PRMT4s. Furthermore, PRMT5 and PRMT4s co-regulated the expression and splicing of key regulatory genes associated with transcription, RNA processing, responses to light, flowering, and abiotic stress tolerance, being candidates to mediate the physiological alterations observed in the mutants. CONCLUSIONS: Our global analysis indicates that two of the most important Type I and Type II arginine methyltransferases, PRTM4 and PRMT5, have mostly overlapping as well as specific, but not opposite, roles in the global regulation of gene expression in plants.Fil: Hernando, Carlos Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez, Sabrina Elena. University of Southern California; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Mancini, Estefania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Yanovsky, Marcelo Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Reproductive biology of the eyespot skate atlantoraja cyclophora (Elasmobranchii: Arhynchobatidae) an endemic species of the southwestern atlantic ocean (34ºs - 42ºS)

Atlantoraja cyclophora is an endemic skate to the continental shelf of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (22ºS-47ºS) and a bycatch species in commercial bottom trawl fisheries. The morphometric relationships, the size at maturity and the reproductive cycle of this species were analyzed, with samples collected between 34ºS and 42ºS. The size range was 190 to 674 mm total length (TL) for males and 135 to 709 mm TL for females. Sexual dimorphism between the relationships TL - disc width and TL - total weight was found, with females wider and heavier than males. The mean size at maturity for males was estimated in 530 mm TL and for females in 570 mm TL. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) in mature females varied seasonally and showed the highest value in December. The maximum follicular diameter and oviductal gland width did not show any seasonal pattern. Females with eggs in the uterus were present most of the year. The reproductive activity in males would be continuous throughout the year, evidenced by the lack of variation in the GSI between seasons. The results obtained suggest that A. cyclophora might undergo an annual reproductive cycle, in coincidence to that reported for this species in Brazilian populations.Atlantoraja cyclophora es una raya endémica de las plataformas continentales del Océano Atlántico Sudoccidental (22ºS-47ºS) que se captura incidentalmente en las pesquerías comerciales de arrastre de fondo. Se estudiaron las relaciones morfométricas, el ciclo reproductivo y se estimó la longitud media de madurez sexual de esta especie con muestras colectadas entre 34ºS y 42ºS. El rango de tamaño fue 190 a 674 mm de longitud total (LT) en machos y 135 a 709 mm LT en hembras. Se observó dimorfismo sexual entre las relaciones LT - ancho de disco y LT - peso total, siendo las hembras más anchas y pesadas que los machos. La talla de madurez se estimó en 530 mm LT para machos y en 570 mm LT para hembras. El índice gonadosomático (IGS) en hembras maduras varió estacionalmente, con el valor más alto en Diciembre. No se registró variación estacional respecto al diámetro máximo folicular y al ancho de la glándula oviductal. Se observaron hembras con huevos en los úteros durante la mayor parte del año. La actividad reproductiva en los machos sería continua durante todo el año, dada la falta de variación del IGS entre estaciones. Se sugiere que A. cyclophora experimenta un ciclo reproductivo anual, similar a lo reportado para esta especie en aguas de Brasil.Fil: Wehitt, Anahi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Colonello, Jorge Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Macchi, Gustavo Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Galíndez, Elena Juana. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentin

Health Consequences of Rural Women’s Productive Role in Agriculture in the Philippines and Other Developing Countries

Agriculture is central to developing countries like the Philippines and rural women contribute a substantial share of the labor that goes into this sector as food producers or agricultural workers. In the wake of numerous studies conducted worldwide about women since the United Nations’ Decade for Women (1976-1984), data appear sparse on the relationship between women’s work and women’s health in the agricultural setting to enable policy makers and program implementors to adequately address their health needs. Thus this study aimed to determine the nature of available information in the gender literature to enable us to understand the link between women’s productive farm work and their health status, and to elicit major implications for research to aid policy and program. The method used was a review and analysis of pertinent data in the research literature on agricultural women covering over two decades. Findings from the study reiterate the crucial role held by these women throughout the developing world in securing food for their families and communities, but then this role is not performed without adverse consequences to their health. The major consequences include female reproductive health risks owing particularly to women’s use and exposure to hazardous agrochemicals, farm-related accidents or physical injuries, ergonomic problems resulting from women’s use of tools or technology that are better suited to men, and nutritional deficiencies that are compounded by poverty and overwork. Other findings have surfaced two main research imperatives: the need for more updated and gender disaggregated national statistics on the status of agricultural women in developing societies, and the necessity for addressing various identified gaps in the women’s work-and-health paradigm

A noncooperative view on two consistent aiport cost sharing rules

This paper provides a noncooperative understanding of the nucleolus and the egalitarian allocation for airport cost problems. We find that every Nash equilibrium of the noncooperative game has the nucleolus as outcome while the egalitarian allocation is just one of the Nash outcomes.airport games, egalitarian allocation, nucleolus, Nash outcomes