تأثير استخدام جرعات مختلفة من السماد الغير عضوي على خصائص المياه و الإنتاجية الأولية و إنتاجية البلطي النيلي في أحواض ترابية

Earthen ponds (surface area 155 m2 each) were used to study the effect of different doses of inorganic fertilizer on water quality and fish production. Each pond was stocked with 150 fish of Nile tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus (25-30 g/fish). The ponds received inorganic fertilizer (20:20:5 NPK) with doses of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 100 kg/acre/month. The obtained results revealed that fertilization had no significant effect on water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH value, free ammonia water conductivity, nitrate concentration, total hardness, and total alkalinity. Only Secchi disk reading, orthophosphate concentration and total nitrogen were significantly affected by the same treatments. Chlorophyll 'a' content over all the rearing period was increased upon increasing the applied doses and the highest was obtained at the 100 kg/acre/month dose. The production of Nile tilapia is optimum at the 60-kg dose. Data of carcass proximate analyses on fish showed that there were no significant differences in dry matter, while crude protein, total lipids and ash contents were significantly affected by different doses.تمت هذه الدراسة بغرض تقييم استخدام جرعات مختلفة من السماد الغير عضوي(NPK 5/20/20) في أحواض ترابية بالعباسية، تم استزراع 150 سمكة بلطي نيلي (25-30 جم) في كل حوض ويضاف السماد بمعدل صفر و20 و40 و60 و100 كجم للفدان كل شهر. لم تظهر النتائج وجود اختلافات معنوية في درجة الحرارة والأكسجين الشائب ودوجة الأس الهيدروجيني والأمونيا الحرة ودرجة التوصيل الكهربي وتركيز النترات والقاعدية الكلية والعسر الكلي نتيجة تأثير الجرعات المختلفة من السماد المستخدم بينما كانت الاختلافات معنوية في كل من شفافية المياه وتركيز الفوسفات والنتروجين الكلي . كذلك كان الاختلاف معنوي في متوسط محتوى الكلوروفيل (أ) الني بلغ أعلى قيمة عند 100 كجم للفدان كل شهر، كانت أفضل إنتاجية للبلطي النيلي عند استخدام 60 كجم للفدان كل شهر. لذلك ينصح باستخدام 60 كجم للفدان كل شهر من السماد الغير عضوي (NPK 5/20/20) في مزارع البلطي النيلي

Heterologous Expression of Cyanobacterial Cyanase Gene (CYN) in Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for Bioremediation of Cyanide Pollution

Recombinant DNA technology offered the creation of new combinations of DNA segments that are not found together in nature. The present study aimed to produce an ecofriendly bioremediation model to remediate cyanide pollution from a polluted marine system. Cyanide is a known toxic compound produced through natural and anthropogenic activities. An Agrobacterium-tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation technique was used to generate transformed Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using plant expression vector pTRA-K-cTp carries isolated coding sequence of the cyanobacterial cyanase gene (CYN) isolated from Synechococcus elongatus (PCC6803). qRT-PCR analysis showed the overexpression of CYN in transgenic C. reinhardtii, as compared with the respective wild type. Growth parameters and biochemical analyses were performed under cyanide stress conditions using transgenic and wild C. reinhardtii for evaluating the effect of the presence of the cyanobacterial cyanase gene in algae. The transgenic C. reinhardtii strain (TC. reinhardtii-2) showed promising results for cyanide bioremediation in polluted water samples. Cyanide depletion assays and algal growth showed a significant resistance in the transgenic type against cyanide stress, as compared to the wild type. Genetically modified alga showed the ability to phytoremediate a high level of potassium cyanide (up to150 mg/L), as compared to the wild type. The presence of the CYN gene has induced a protection response in TC. Reinhardtii-2, which was shown in the results of growth parameter analyses. Therefore, the present study affirms that transgenic C. reinhardtii by the CYN coding gene is a potential effective ecofriendly bioremediator model for the remediation of cyanide pollutants in fresh water

New Antiproliferative Triflavanone from <i>Thymelaea hirsuta</i>—Isolation, Structure Elucidation and Molecular Docking Studies

In this study isolates from Thymelaea hirsuta, a wild plant from the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, were identified and their selective cytotoxicity levels were evaluated. Phytochemical examination of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of the methanolic (MeOH) extract of the plant led to the isolation of a new triflavanone compound (1), in addition to the isolation of nine previously reported compounds. These included five dicoumarinyl ethers found in Thymelaea: daphnoretin methyl ether (2), rutamontine (3), neodaphnoretin (4), acetyldaphnoretin (5), and edgeworthin (6); two flavonoids: genkwanin (7) and trans-tiliroside (8); p-hydroxy benzoic acid (9) and β sitosterol glucoside (10). Eight of the isolated compounds were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity against Vero and HepG2 cell lines using a sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. Compounds 1, 2 and 5 exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cells, with IC50 values of 8.6, 12.3 and 9.4 μM, respectively, yet these compounds exhibited non-toxic activities against the Vero cells. Additionally, compound 1 further exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against both MCF-7 and HCT-116 cells, with IC50 values of 4.26 and 9.6 μM, respectively. Compound 1 significantly stimulated apoptotic breast cancer cell death, resulting in a 14.97-fold increase and arresting 40.57% of the cell population at the Pre-G1 stage of the cell cycle. Finally, its apoptosis-inducing activity was further validated through activation of BAX and caspase-9, and inhibition of BCL2 levels. In silico molecular docking experiments revealed a good binding mode profile of the isolates towards Ras activation/pathway mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/MAPK); a common molecular pathway in the development and progression of liver tumors

New Antiproliferative Triflavanone from Thymelaea hirsuta—Isolation, Structure Elucidation and Molecular Docking Studies

In this study isolates from Thymelaea hirsuta, a wild plant from the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, were identified and their selective cytotoxicity levels were evaluated. Phytochemical examination of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of the methanolic (MeOH) extract of the plant led to the isolation of a new triflavanone compound (1), in addition to the isolation of nine previously reported compounds. These included five dicoumarinyl ethers found in Thymelaea: daphnoretin methyl ether (2), rutamontine (3), neodaphnoretin (4), acetyldaphnoretin (5), and edgeworthin (6); two flavonoids: genkwanin (7) and trans-tiliroside (8); p-hydroxy benzoic acid (9) and β sitosterol glucoside (10). Eight of the isolated compounds were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity against Vero and HepG2 cell lines using a sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. Compounds 1, 2 and 5 exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cells, with IC50 values of 8.6, 12.3 and 9.4 μM, respectively, yet these compounds exhibited non-toxic activities against the Vero cells. Additionally, compound 1 further exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against both MCF-7 and HCT-116 cells, with IC50 values of 4.26 and 9.6 μM, respectively. Compound 1 significantly stimulated apoptotic breast cancer cell death, resulting in a 14.97-fold increase and arresting 40.57% of the cell population at the Pre-G1 stage of the cell cycle. Finally, its apoptosis-inducing activity was further validated through activation of BAX and caspase-9, and inhibition of BCL2 levels. In silico molecular docking experiments revealed a good binding mode profile of the isolates towards Ras activation/pathway mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/MAPK); a common molecular pathway in the development and progression of liver tumors

Alterations in proteins and amino acids of the Nile cyanobacteria Pseudanabaena limnetica and Anabaena wisconsinense in response to industrial wastewater pollution

The effect of industrial wastewater on the Nile cyanobacteria Pseudanabaena limnetica and Anabaena wisconsinense was investigated. The data showed that P. limnetica was more sensitive to pollution than A. wisconsinense. The treatments with different levels of wastewater exerted pronounced reductions in protein and amino acids content. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the cyanobacteria grown in the industrial wastewater showed induction in the synthesis of certain polypeptides and repression of others. The treatments of P. limnetica with wastewater stimulated the appearance of six protein bands with molecular masses of 28, 30, 31, 32, 58 and 97 kDa. The same treatments caused the disappearance of 20, 38 and 56 kDa. The structural protein pattern of the treated A. wisconsinense showed appearance of 16, 30, 170 and 230 kDa and disappearance of 56 kDa. The treatment of the two investigated cyanobacteria with different levels of wastewater stimulated the biosyntheses of different amino acids and inhibited others