Extraction et hémisynthèse de stilbènes de la vigne et du vin pour une application en santé humaine et végétale

Stilbenes are a group of defence molecules produced by grapevine to fight against pathogens. They are consequently found in wine, where they acquire an added value through their proven positive effects on human health. Knowing that the efficacy of stilbenes against some oomycetes and fungus pathogens that attack grapevine increases with their oligomerization degree, the first objective of this thesis was to optimize and proceed to oxidative coupling reactions of resveratrol and ɛ-viniférine extracted from grapevine canes, in the presence of metal salts, in order to produce stilbene oligomers. On the one hand, these hemisynthesis reactions led to the formation of stilbenes with high molecular weight, and to the production of extracts with high antifungal activity against two major grapevine pathogens, Plasmopara viticola and Botrytis cinerea. On the other hand, these oxidative coupling reactions carried out on wine helped study the mechanisms of the oxidative transformation of resveratrol in wine, identify the resulting oligomers and determine the conditions conducive to their formation. Finally, the potential effects of these oligomers on human health were studied, by evaluating the level of their anti-inflammatory activity.Les stilbènes sont des molécules de défense que produit la vigne pour lutter contre les agents pathogènes. Retrouvés dans le vin, ils acquièrent une valeur ajoutée pour leurs effets bénéfiques avérés en santé humaine. Sachant que l’efficacité des stilbènes contre certains oomycètes et champignons qui infectent la vigne augmente avec leur degré d’oligomérisation, cette thèse avait pour premier objectif d’optimiser et de procéder à des réactions de couplage oxydatif du resvératrol et de l’ɛ-viniférine extraits de sarments de vigne, en présence de sels de métaux, pour la production d’oligomères. Ces réactions d’hémisynthèse ont conduit d’une part à la formation de stilbènes à haut poids moléculaire, et à la production d’extraits à forte activité antifongique contre deux agents pathogènes majeurs de la vigne, Plasmopara viticola et Botrytis cinerea. D’autre part, ces réactions de couplage oxydatif appliquées au vin ont permis d’y étudier les mécanismes de la transformation oxydative du resvératrol, d’identifier les oligomères qui en découlent et de déterminer les conditions favorisant leur formation. Enfin, les effets potentiels de ces oligomères sur la santé humaine ont été étudiés, en évaluant leur niveau d’activité anti-inflammatoire in vitro

Extraction and hemisynthesis of grapevine and wine stilbenes for an application in human and plant health

Les stilbènes sont des molécules de défense que produit la vigne pour lutter contre les agents pathogènes. Retrouvés dans le vin, ils acquièrent une valeur ajoutée pour leurs effets bénéfiques avérés en santé humaine. Sachant que l’efficacité des stilbènes contre certains oomycètes et champignons qui infectent la vigne augmente avec leur degré d’oligomérisation, cette thèse avait pour premier objectif d’optimiser et de procéder à des réactions de couplage oxydatif du resvératrol et de l’ɛ-viniférine extraits de sarments de vigne, en présence de sels de métaux, pour la production d’oligomères. Ces réactions d’hémisynthèse ont conduit d’une part à la formation de stilbènes à haut poids moléculaire, et à la production d’extraits à forte activité antifongique contre deux agents pathogènes majeurs de la vigne, Plasmopara viticola et Botrytis cinerea. D’autre part, ces réactions de couplage oxydatif appliquées au vin ont permis d’y étudier les mécanismes de la transformation oxydative du resvératrol, d’identifier les oligomères qui en découlent et de déterminer les conditions favorisant leur formation. Enfin, les effets potentiels de ces oligomères sur la santé humaine ont été étudiés, en évaluant leur niveau d’activité anti-inflammatoire in vitro.Stilbenes are a group of defence molecules produced by grapevine to fight against pathogens. They are consequently found in wine, where they acquire an added value through their proven positive effects on human health. Knowing that the efficacy of stilbenes against some oomycetes and fungus pathogens that attack grapevine increases with their oligomerization degree, the first objective of this thesis was to optimize and proceed to oxidative coupling reactions of resveratrol and ɛ-viniférine extracted from grapevine canes, in the presence of metal salts, in order to produce stilbene oligomers. On the one hand, these hemisynthesis reactions led to the formation of stilbenes with high molecular weight, and to the production of extracts with high antifungal activity against two major grapevine pathogens, Plasmopara viticola and Botrytis cinerea. On the other hand, these oxidative coupling reactions carried out on wine helped study the mechanisms of the oxidative transformation of resveratrol in wine, identify the resulting oligomers and determine the conditions conducive to their formation. Finally, the potential effects of these oligomers on human health were studied, by evaluating the level of their anti-inflammatory activity

Extraction and hemisynthesis of grapevine and wine stilbenes for an application in human and plant health

Les stilbènes sont des molécules de défense que produit la vigne pour lutter contre les agents pathogènes. Retrouvés dans le vin, ils acquièrent une valeur ajoutée pour leurs effets bénéfiques avérés en santé humaine. Sachant que l’efficacité des stilbènes contre certains oomycètes et champignons qui infectent la vigne augmente avec leur degré d’oligomérisation, cette thèse avait pour premier objectif d’optimiser et de procéder à des réactions de couplage oxydatif du resvératrol et de l’ɛ-viniférine extraits de sarments de vigne, en présence de sels de métaux, pour la production d’oligomères. Ces réactions d’hémisynthèse ont conduit d’une part à la formation de stilbènes à haut poids moléculaire, et à la production d’extraits à forte activité antifongique contre deux agents pathogènes majeurs de la vigne, Plasmopara viticola et Botrytis cinerea. D’autre part, ces réactions de couplage oxydatif appliquées au vin ont permis d’y étudier les mécanismes de la transformation oxydative du resvératrol, d’identifier les oligomères qui en découlent et de déterminer les conditions favorisant leur formation. Enfin, les effets potentiels de ces oligomères sur la santé humaine ont été étudiés, en évaluant leur niveau d’activité anti-inflammatoire in vitro.Stilbenes are a group of defence molecules produced by grapevine to fight against pathogens. They are consequently found in wine, where they acquire an added value through their proven positive effects on human health. Knowing that the efficacy of stilbenes against some oomycetes and fungus pathogens that attack grapevine increases with their oligomerization degree, the first objective of this thesis was to optimize and proceed to oxidative coupling reactions of resveratrol and ɛ-viniférine extracted from grapevine canes, in the presence of metal salts, in order to produce stilbene oligomers. On the one hand, these hemisynthesis reactions led to the formation of stilbenes with high molecular weight, and to the production of extracts with high antifungal activity against two major grapevine pathogens, Plasmopara viticola and Botrytis cinerea. On the other hand, these oxidative coupling reactions carried out on wine helped study the mechanisms of the oxidative transformation of resveratrol in wine, identify the resulting oligomers and determine the conditions conducive to their formation. Finally, the potential effects of these oligomers on human health were studied, by evaluating the level of their anti-inflammatory activity

A review of dietary stilbenes: sources and bioavailability

Stilbenes are a class of phenolic metabolites found in various edible plants, such as grapevine, berries and peanuts. Their bioactivitiy and their potential benefits for human health have been the subject of several studies. Among all identified stilbenes, resveratrol has been particularly studied and results from literature showed that it presents several biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects. Likewise, some researches focused on other stilbenes and highlighted similar biological activity for those compounds. However, stilbenes present a high diversity in their phenolic structures (various chemical substituents and polymerization) which is a determining factor of their absorption and metabolism rates. Consequently, this could affect the effectiveness of stilbenes in vivo. In this context, an evaluation of the bioavailability and metabolism of stilbenes is necessary to move forward with pharmacological and clinical studies. Hence, this review aims to present recently obtained data and results concerning stilbenes sources and bioavailability, as a contribution to the valorization of the role of dietary stilbenes in the human diet

Stilbenes in grape berries and wine and their potential role as anti-obesity agents: A review

Background: Stilbenes are a group of naturally occurring phenolic compounds. These compounds are synthetized by plants in response of biotic or abiotic stress situations. The major dietary sources of stilbenes for humans are grape berries and wine. To accurately identify and quantify these compounds, the research community has undertaken considerable efforts to optimise samples preparations and analytical methods. In addition, stilbenes are well-known to possess a wide range of biological activities for human health. One of the most recent and promising properties demonstrated by stilbenes are their anti-obesity effects. Scope and approach: The principal objectives of this review are to address and discuss about: i) stilbenes in grape berries and wine, the factors that can modulate their concentrations and the most efficient sample preparation techniques and analytical methods used for their detection; ii) the most important investigations related to the in vitro and in vivo anti-obesity effects of grape and wine stilbenes and the associated molecular mechanisms. Key Findings and Conclusions: Stilbene concentration in grape and wines can vary substantially. The composition of stilbenes in red wine is much more complex than in white wine. Until today, more than 30 stilbenes have been identified in grapes and wines. The liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry is the most efficient method to investigate stilbene content. Regarding anti-obesity properties of stilbenes, a great number of in vitro and in vivo studies have allowed to demonstrate not only the positive implications of these bioactives but also the underlying mechanisms of the observed effects

J. pest sci.

Stilbenes are phenolic compounds which are produced in large amounts in vine and are involved in plant defence as phytoalexins. Oligomeric forms have recently proven to be the most active compounds against a wide range of parasites such as fungi, bacteria or algae. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of a grapevine root extract which is a stilbene oligomer pool against Leptinotarsa decemlineata, a major pest of Solanaceae crops. Analysis by UHPLC-DAD-MS of the stilbene-enriched extract obtained from grapevine root (Riparia Gloire de Montpellier rootstock) highlighted twelve stilbenes at 25% (w/w). The major stilbenes found in root extract were isolated such as the tetramers vitisin B, vitisin A and hopeaphenol; the dimers ampelopsin A and E-epsilon-viniferin and the monomer E-resveratrol. The insecticidal effects of this extract as well as the main compounds were investigated against L. decemlineata larvae. The extract caused chronic toxicity, inhibited larval development and, to a lesser extent, inhibited food intake. The high concentrations of vitisin A and vitisin B in grapevine root contributed to this effect as they are the most toxic compounds. Outdoor pot experiments revealed the efficacy of stilbene-enriched extract with high mortality of L. decemlineata and protection of potato plants. The extract also revealed an absence of toxicity against non-targeted organisms such as earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Thus, these results strongly suggest that grapevine roots are a promising source of bioactive stilbenes for the development of natural insecticides

Chemical process to improve natural grapevine-cane extract effectivity against powdery mildew and grey mould

Grapevine canes are vine growing byproducts studied for their antimicrobial activities. These properties are directly connected to the stilbene content; oligomeric stilbenes being the most active. In this study, we propose a chemical process, based on oxidative coupling, using metals to increase the oligostilbene rate and the biological effectivity of cane extract against grapevine pathogens. A total of ten compounds were obtained and identified by combining LCMS and NMR spectroscopies, including four newly reported compounds: Trans-oxistilbenin C, trans-oxistilbenin D, and cis- and trans-oxistilbenin E. The extract and the main stilbene formed were evaluated for their preventive effects on Plasmopara viticola and Botrytis cinerea growth. The processed extract was highly effective against both pathogens.Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovatio

Chemical process to improve natural grapevine-cane extract effectivity against powdery mildew and grey mould

Grapevine canes are vine growing byproducts studied for their antimicrobial activities. These properties are directly connected to the stilbene content; oligomeric stilbenes being the most active. In this study, we propose a chemical process, based on oxidative coupling, using metals to increase the oligostilbene rate and the biological effectivity of cane extract against grapevine pathogens. A total of ten compounds were obtained and identified by combining LCMS and NMR spectroscopies, including four newly reported compounds: Trans-oxistilbenin C, trans-oxistilbenin D, and cis- and trans-oxistilbenin E. The extract and the main stilbene formed were evaluated for their preventive effects on Plasmopara viticola and Botrytis cinerea growth. The processed extract was highly effective against both pathogens.Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovatio

Food Res Int

Resveratrol is a well-known wine constituent. Its concentration can vary according to the cultivar choice and the winemaking process. Due to its phenolic structure, resveratrol could be transformed under high temperature or oxidative conditions, leading to the formation of various derivatives including oligomers. Hence, the goal of this study is to investigate the presence of these derivatives in wine. In the first stage, hemisynthesis of oligomeric stilbenes was achieved from resveratrol in ethanol by oxidative coupling using metals. Four de novo synthetized resveratrol derivatives were identified by MS and NMR spectroscopy including two new molecules, oxistilbenin F and oxistilbenin G. In the second stage, analysis of red wine after heat treatment by LC-MS confirmed the presence of some of these compounds in wine. Finally, the anti-inflammatory effects of the compounds were evaluated by studying their ability to prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced upregulation of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line