190 research outputs found
CXCL10+ T cells and NK cells assist in the recruitment and activation of CXCR3+ and CXCL11+ leukocytes during Mycobacteria-enhanced colitis
Comparative transcriptome analysis within the Lolium/Festuca species complex reveals high sequence conservation
Parental and household smoking and the increased risk of bronchitis, bronchiolitis and other lower respiratory infections in infancy: systematic review and meta-analysis
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Passive smoke exposure increases the risk of lower respiratory infection (LRI) in infants, but the extensive literature on this association has not been systematically reviewed for nearly ten years. The aim of this paper is to provide an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of the association between passive smoking and LRI, and with diagnostic subcategories including bronchiolitis, in infants aged two years and under.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (to November 2010), reference lists from publications and abstracts from major conference proceedings to identify all relevant publications. Random effect pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identified 60 studies suitable for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Smoking by either parent or other household members significantly increased the risk of LRI; odds ratios (OR) were 1.22 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.35) for paternal smoking, 1.62 (95% CI 1.38 to 1.89) if both parents smoked, and 1.54 (95% CI 1.40 to 1.69) for any household member smoking. Pre-natal maternal smoking (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.38) had a weaker effect than post-natal smoking (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.45 to 1.73). The strongest effect was on bronchiolitis, where the risk of any household smoking was increased by an OR of 2.51 (95% CI 1.96 to 3.21).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Passive smoking in the family home is a major influence on the risk of LRI in infants, and especially on bronchiolitis. Risk is particularly strong in relation to post-natal maternal smoking. Strategies to prevent passive smoke exposure in young children are an urgent public and child health priority.</p
Influence of dietary nitrate supplementation on local sweating and cutaneous vascular responses during exercise in a hot environment.
Purpose We investigated the influence of inorganic nitrate (NO−3) supplementation on local sweating and cutaneous vascular
responses during exercise in hot conditions.
Method Eight healthy, young subjects were assigned in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design to receive NO−3 -rich
beetroot (BR) juice (140 mL/day, containing ~8 mmol of NO−3) and NO−3-depleted placebo (PL) juice (140 mL/day, containing ~0.003 mmol of NO−3) for 3 days. On day 3 of supplementation, subjects cycled at an intensity corresponding to 55% of V̇ O2max for 30 min in hot conditions (30 °C, 50% relative humidity). Chest and forearm sweat rate (SR) and skin blood flow (SkBF), were measured continuously. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated by SkBF/mean arterial pressure (MAP).
Results Prior to exercise, plasma NO−
3 (21±6 and 581±161 µM) and nitrite (NO−
2 , 87±28 and 336±156 nM) concentrations
were higher after BR compared to PL supplementation (P≤0.011, n=6). Oesophageal, mean skin, and mean body temperatures during exercise were not different between conditions. In addition, BR supplementation did not affect SR, SkBF, and CVC during exercise. A lower MAP was found after 30 min of exercise following BR supplementation (112±6 and 103±6 mmHg for PL and BR, respectively, P=0.021). Conclusion These results suggest that inorganic NO−
3 supplementation, which increases the potential for O2-independent NO
production, does not affect local sweating and cutaneous vascular responses, but attenuates blood pressure in young healthy
subjects exercising in a hot environment
The genetics of meiotic chromosome pairing in Lolium temulentum x Lolium perenne tetraploids
Diallel analysis and separation of genetic variance components in eight faba bean genotypes
Increase of the striatal serotonergic fibers after nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation in adult rats
Perinatal Maternal Ethanol Effects on Pregnant Mice and on Offspring Viability and Growth: Influences of Exposure Time and Weaning Diet
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