25 research outputs found
La protección radiológica en la industria nuclear española durante el franquismo, 1939-1975
Measuring the burden of infodemics : summary of the methods and results of the fifth WHO infodemic management conference
Background: An infodemic is excess information, including false or misleading information, that spreads in digital and physical
environments during a public health emergency. The COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by an unprecedented global
infodemic that has led to confusion about the benefits of medical and public health interventions, with substantial impact on
risk-taking and health-seeking behaviors, eroding trust in health authorities and compromising the effectiveness of public health
responses and policies. Standardized measures are needed to quantify the harmful impacts of the infodemic in a systematic and
methodologically robust manner, as well as harmonizing highly divergent approaches currently explored for this purpose. This
can serve as a foundation for a systematic, evidence-based approach to monitoring, identifying, and mitigating future infodemic
harms in emergency preparedness and prevention.
Objective: In this paper, we summarize the Fifth World Health Organization (WHO) Infodemic Management Conference
structure, proceedings, outcomes, and proposed actions seeking to identify the interdisciplinary approaches and frameworks
needed to enable the measurement of the burden of infodemics.
Methods: An iterative human-centered design (HCD) approach and concept mapping were used to facilitate focused discussions
and allow for the generation of actionable outcomes and recommendations. The discussions included 86 participants representing
diverse scientific disciplines and health authorities from 28 countries across all WHO regions, along with observers from civil
society and global public healthâimplementing partners. A thematic map capturing the concepts matching the key contributing
factors to the public health burden of infodemics was used throughout the conference to frame and contextualize discussions.
Five key areas for immediate action were identified.
Results: The 5 key areas for the development of metrics to assess the burden of infodemics and associated interventions included
(1) developing standardized definitions and ensuring the adoption thereof; (2) improving the map of concepts influencing the
burden of infodemics; (3) conducting a review of evidence, tools, and data sources; (4) setting up a technical working group; and
(5) addressing immediate priorities for postpandemic recovery and resilience building. The summary report consolidated group input toward a common vocabulary with standardized terms, concepts, study designs, measures, and tools to estimate the burden
of infodemics and the effectiveness of infodemic management interventions.
Conclusions: Standardizing measurement is the basis for documenting the burden of infodemics on health systems and population
health during emergencies. Investment is needed into the development of practical, affordable, evidence-based, and systematic
methods that are legally and ethically balanced for monitoring infodemics; generating diagnostics, infodemic insights, and
recommendations; and developing interventions, action-oriented guidance, policies, support options, mechanisms, and tools for
infodemic managers and emergency program managers.peer-reviewe
Le pantographe de terrain : un appareil a dessiner pour l'archéologie et la recherche architecturale.
Eichstaedt Peter A. Le pantographe de terrain : un appareil a dessiner pour l'archéologie et la recherche architecturale. In: Les Nouvelles de l'archéologie, n°21, automne 1985. pp. 56-58
Phospholipase C-activating Plasma Membrane Receptors and Calcium Signaling in Immortalized Human Airway Epithelial Cells
Effects of Staphylococcus aureus-hemolysin A on calcium signalling in immortalized human airway epithelial cells
Part of the innate defence of bronchial epithelia against bacterial colonization is secretion of salt and water which generally depends on coordinated actions of receptor-mediated cAMP- and calcium signalling. The hypothesis that Staphylococcus aureus-virulence factors interfere with endogenous signals in host cells was tested by measuring agonist-mediated changes in [Ca] in S9 cells upon pre-incubation with bacterial secretory products. S9 cells responded to mAChR-activation with calcium release from intracellular stores and capacitative calcium influx. Treatment of cells with culture supernatants of S. aureus (COL) or with recombinant α-hemolysin (Hla) resulted in time- and concentration-dependent changes in [Ca]. High concentrations of Hla (2000 ng/ml) resulted in elevations in [Ca] elicited by accelerated calcium influx. A general Hla-mediated permeabilization of S9 cell membranes to small molecules, however, did not occur. Lower concentrations of Hla (200 ng/ml) induced a reduction in [Ca]-levels during the sustained plateau phase of receptor-mediated calcium signalling which was abolished by pre-incubation of cells with carboxyeosin, an inhibitor of the plasma membrane calcium-ATPase. This indicates that low concentrations of Hla change calcium signalling by accelerating pump-driven extrusion of Ca ions. In vivo, such a mechanism may result in attenuation of calcium-mediated cellular defence functions and facilitation of bacterial adherence to the bronchial epithelium
The Constitutional Court - Applying the Proportionality Principle - as a Subsidiary Authority for the Assessment of Political Outcomes
Sutureless aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Sutureless aortic valve replacement (SU-AVR) has emerged as an innovative alternative for treatment of aortic stenosis. By avoiding the placement of sutures, this approach aims to reduce cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) duration and thereby improve surgical outcomes and facilitate a minimally invasive approach suitable for higher risk patients. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the safety and efficacy of SU-AVR approach in the current literature.
METHODS
Electronic searches were performed using six databases from their inception to January 2014. Relevant studies utilizing sutureless valves for aortic valve implantation were identified. Data were extracted and analyzed according to predefined clinical endpoints.
RESULTS
Twelve studies were identified for inclusion of qualitative and quantitative analyses, all of which were observational reports. The minimally invasive approach was used in 40.4% of included patients, while 22.8% underwent concomitant coronary bypass surgery. Pooled cross-clamp and CPB duration for isolated AVR was 56.7 and 46.5 minutes, respectively. Pooled 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were 2.1% and 4.9%, respectively, while the incidences of strokes (1.5%), valve degenerations (0.4%) and paravalvular leaks (PVL) (3.0%) were acceptable.
CONCLUSIONS
The evaluation of current observational evidence suggests that sutureless aortic valve implantation is a safe procedure associated with shorter cross-clamp and CPB duration, and comparable complication rates to the conventional approach in the short-term