STRUCTURAL PROCESSING OF VISUAL INFORMATION

One lesson that has been learned from previous approaches to scene analysis is that local methods are insufficient for extracting reliable information about the contents of a scene. Two different procedures that have been tried in order to remedy this deficiency are the use of knowledge via a priori information and internal models and multilevel analysis based on hierarchies of representations such as cone systems. It does not seem appropriate to drive the very first levels of analysis by a priori knowledge. It is doubtful that it will be possible to use knowledge in a way general and versatile enough to direct low level processing, and there is a need for some powerful data driven mechanisms that might at a later stage invoke internal models. It would seem more appropriate to obtain some crude global information through glancing or planning at low resolution levels that can drive a more scrutinous analysis at high resolution levels. While hierarchal systems are therefore good, the way they are currently being constructed is not necessarily good. In this context the issue of low level representation becomes more and more important, and not enough attention has been paid to this issue. Even Marr's provocative ideas about his primal sketch do not go to a sufficient level of analysis, and it is felt that more of the workload should be thrown onto the first processing levels. In this paper is posited a comprehensive hierarchal data structure that requires no decisions and therefore no parameters for its construction. The technique does not require preselected windows, but rather uses context-dependent criteria. The data structure is versatile, easily computed, and invertible in the sense that the original image is completely recoverable

CONTEXTUAL BOUNDARY FORMATION BY ONE-DIMENSIONAL EDGE DETECTION AND SCAN LINE MATCHING

No abstract available

CONTEXTUAL BOUNDARY FORMATION BY SCAN LINE MATCHING

In this paper an algorithm is given for generating linked edge boundaries between adjacent regions of different gray levels. In contrast with peak following algorithms, edges are treated as variable width regions, and the edge linking procedure is really a region grower. Edge linking is a parallel process on all the edges in pairs of adjacent scan lines, and contextual information in the direction of the scan lines is used to resolve ambiguous linking situations. The procedure relies heavily upon a one- dimensional edge detector that defers the formation of local edge interpretations until more informed decisions can be made by the edge linking procedure

EXTRACTION OF LINES AND REGIONS FROM GREY TONE LINE DRAWING IMAGES

An algorithm is described for extracting lines from grey level digitizations of industrial drawings. The algorithm is robust, non iterati e, and sequential, and includes procedures for differentiating shaded areas from lines. Examples are given for complex regions of a typical mechanical drawing

Factors influencing anaemia in dialysis patients. A special survey by the EDTA-ERA Registry

The European Dialysis and Transplantation Association—European Renal Association (EDTA-ERA) Registry conducted a special study on anaemia in dialysis patients because it seemed important to elucidate the various factors that influence the degree of anaemia and the use of regular transfusions in dialysis patients before the introduction of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) for larger groups of patients. In a 20% sample of all patients recorded to have been dialysed throughout 1987, statistically significant associations could be found by multifactorial analysis between haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and age, sex, primary renal disease, type of treatment, hours of dialysis per week, and number of years on renal replacement therapy. The type of dialyser membrane did not seem to play a role (although there was weak evidence of an effect of the dialyser). Mean Hb concentration for dialysis patients differed between countries as did the transfusion policy. In view of the high costs of the rHuEpo treatment and potential side-effects, factors such as method of dialysis and hours of haemodialysis per week should be taken into consideration in the treatment of anaemia in dialysis patient

SPATIAL REASONING IN REMOTELY SENSED DATA

Photointerpreters employ a variety of implicit spatial models to provide interpretations from remotely sensed aerial or satellite imagery. The process of making the implicit models explicit and the subsequent use of explicit models in computer processing is difficult. In this paper one application is illustrated: how ridges and valleys can be automatically interpreted from LANDSAT imagery of a mountainous area and how a relative elevation terrain model can be constructed from this interpretation. It is shown how an illumination model is being used to explain many of the features of a LANDSAT image. Finally, it is shown how to examine valleys for the possible presence of streams or rivers and it is shown how a spatial relational model can be set up to make a final interpretation of the river drainage network

EDTA Registry Centre Survey, 1986: Report from the European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry

This paper summarises the information given on the 1986 EDTA Registry centre questionnaire which was returned by 82% of the 2,065 known dialysis and transplant centres in 33 European countries. Information is given on the number of patients alive on haemodialysis according to the type of dialysis facilities available where the patient was receiving dialysis and the number of patients receiving special types of dialysis. The centre questionnaire also included questions on testing for HIV infection, serological evidence or symptoms of AIDS and the diagnosis of hepatitis B in patients and staff. The data given in response to these questions are presented together with data on the involvement of dietitians and social workers in the treatment of patients with end stage renal failure. Finally, information on transplant activity in Europe and the treatment policies of transplanting centres is provide

Kidney Transplantation in Primary Oxalosis: Data From the EDTA Registry

This paper reports the results of 98 first kidney transplantations in patients with oxalosis as the primary renal disease as recorded by the EDTA Registry. There were 79 patients who received a cadaveric (CAD) graft and 15 patients with a living related donor (LRD) graft; the type of donor was not recorded for four patients. Initial graft survival appeared to be better after LRD as compared to CAD grafts but at 3 years the poor survival was similar with 23% for LRD and 17% for CAD grafts. CAD graft survival did not differ between children and adults and was not affected by the waiting time on dialysis. A slight improvement was observed in grafts performed in the years 1983-1986 as compared to grafts performed in earlier years. The causes of failure reported were mainly rejection (33%) and recurrence of primary renal disease (31%). In view of the poor results related to recurrence of oxalosis in the graft, the potential ofcombined kidney and liver transplantation is discusse

Structural, spectroscopic and catalytic activity studies on glutathione reductase reconstituted with FAD analogues

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66378/1/j.1432-1033.1991.tb16100.x.pd

Aberrant DNA Methylation of Matrix Remodeling and Cell Adhesion Related Genes in Pterygium

10.1371/journal.pone.0014687PLoS ONE62