29 research outputs found
Using soil and canopy temperature to support efficient management of irrigated vineyards
Extreme heat and drought events are becoming more frequent and erratic in Mediterranean Europe. Better
comprehension of spatial and temporal dynamics of heat fluxes and thermal microclimate in vineyards can support
vineyard’s management and minimize the impact of climate variability. Field experiments were carried out in South
Portugal with two red cvs. Touriga Nacional and Aragonez (syn. Tempranillo) under deficit irrigation. Canopy temperature
(Tc) is a robust predictor of plant water status, especially when measured under more stressful conditions. In parallel, soil
temperature (TS) had a positive influence on TC especially at the cluster zoneinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Dynamics of soil and canopy temperature: a conceptual approach for Alentejo vineyards
Context and purpose of the study - Climate change imposes increasing restrictions and risks to
Mediterranean viticulture. Extreme heat and drought stress events are becoming more frequent which puts
in risk sustainability of Mediterranean viticulture. Moreover row crops e.g. grapevine for wine, are
increasingly prone to the impact of more intense/longer exposure time to heat stress. The amplified effects
of soil surface energy reflectance and conductance on soil-atmosphere heat fluxes can be harmful for leaf
and berry physiology. Leaf/canopy temperature is a biophysical variable with both physiological and
agronomic meaning. Improved comprehension of spatial and temporal dynamics of soil and leaf/canopy
temperature (thermal microclimate) in irrigated vineyards can support improved crop and soil monitoring
and management under more extreme and erratic climate conditions. In this work we propose a conceptual
approach to integrate information on major soil-vine-atmosphere interactions under deficit irrigation.
Ultimately a conceptual model based on temperature relations is proposed to support assessment of the
impact of air and soil temperatures on canopy and berry temperatures, leaf senescence and gas exchange.
This model may support Decision Support Systems (DSS) for canopy and soil management and irrigation
scheduling in Mediterranean vineyards. In addition a set of temperatures (e.g. canopy, soil) are proposed to
feed the conceptual models to support the DSSinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Can soil water content be used as a predictor of predawn leaf water potential for deficit irrigation scheduling? A case study at Alentejo wine region
Context and purpose of the study: Water and heat stress impose new challenges to irrigation management
in the Mediterranean areas. This reality has a major impact on the vineyard ecosystem, particularly on the
scarce water resources of the Alentejo region (South Portugal). To mitigate this problem, irrigation
management should focus on optimizing yield and fruit quality per volume of water applied. This work aims
to discuss the use of predawn leaf water potential and soil water status relationships as a decision tool for
irrigation management taking as basis data from a field trial where two deficit irrigation strategies were
comparedinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Canopy and soil thermal patterns to support management of irrigated vineyards
Irrigated viticulture expanded fast in Southern European countries such as Portugal to optimize berry yield and quality and to increase vine’s longevity. However, intensive irrigation increases pressure over the local and regional water resources, that are getting scarcer, and increases also management costs. Additionally, row crops such as grapevine, are more vulnerable to heat stress due to the additional effects of soil heat fluxes which can negatively influence canopy and berry thermal condition. Therefore, a better understanding of grapevine responses (diurnal and seasonal) to environmental factors (air temperature, soil water) and agronomic practices (deficit irrigation, soil management) are on demand by the industry.
Ground based thermography was used to monitor the vertical profile of canopy temperature as well as soil temperature patterns along the day and season as means to assess plant water status and predict risks of heat stress damage. As part of the EU-INNOVINE project, field trials were carried in 2013, 2014 and 2015 in Alentejo (South Portugal). We examined the diurnal and seasonal response of two V. vinifera varieties Aragonez (syn. Tempranillo) and Touriga Nacional subjected to sustained deficit irrigation (SDI), and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI, about 50% of the SDI). Diurnal canopy (TC), and soil surface (Tsoil) temperatures were assessed by thermography. Punctual measurements of leaf temperature with thermal couples, leaf water potential and leaf gas exchange were also done.
TC values were above the optimal temperature for leaf photosynthesis during part of the day light period (11:00-14:00h to 17:00h), especially under stressful atmospheric conditions (high VPD, high Tair) and under regulated deficit irrigation. Tsoil was on average about 10-15°C higher than TC. We found strong correlation between TC (derived from thermography) and major physiological traits (leaf water potential and leaf gas exchange). Our results suggest that Tc can be explored as a simple but robust non-intrusive thermal indicator of grapevine performance and also as a parameter to feed grapevine growth models and to estimate heat and water fluxes in irrigated vineyardsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
SIAMVITI – Viticultura portuguesa num cenário de alterações climáticas: Impactos e medidas de adaptação
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Is early defoliation a sustainable management practice for mediterranean vineyards? case studies at the portuguese Lisbon winegrowing region
Context and purpose of the study - Recently early defoliation (ED) has been tested in several highyielding
grapevine varieties and sites aiming at reducing cluster compactness and hence, regulating yield
and susceptibility to botrytis bunch rot infection. The reported results have been generally positive,
encouraging growers to use this canopy management technique as an alternative for replacing the
conventional time-consuming cluster thinning and, simultaneously, as a sustainable practice to reduce
the use of fungicides. However, ED increases berry sunburn risks and/or can induce carry-over effects on
vigor and node fruitfulness as shown in the two case studies reported in this work.
Material and methods- Two ED experiments were set up at a commercial vineyard located in the Lisbon
winegrowing region with the varieties Aragonez, syn. Tempranillo (2013-2015) and Semillon (2018). In
both experiments the ED treatment was compared with the non-defoliated (ND; control) using a
randomized complete block design with 4 replicates per treatment. The ED treatment consisted of the
removal of 5-6 basal leaves and any laterals at pre-flowering. Vegetative (leaf area and pruning weight)
and reproductive components (%fruit-set, cluster number, cluster weight, yield) and berry composition
were assessedinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Chemical and Sensorial Characterization of Tropical Syrah Wines Produced at Different Altitudes in Northeast of Brazil
Over the years, viticulture has expanded to new regions outside the temperate zones, such as Northeast Brazil, India, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Bangladesh and Venezuela, characterized by the production of tropical wines. It is important for the productive sector to comprehend the effects of grapevine interaction with the characteristics of each new region on wines composition. In this study, the composition of wines of Syrah from two regions with different altitudes in Northeast Brazil were analyzed by different methodologies to characterize chemical compounds as sugar, acids, minerals, phenolics (anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes and condensed tannins) and the sensory profile. The wines of the Bahia region (1100 m of altitude) obtained high concentrations for chemical parameters related to color, monomeric anthocyanins, stilbenes and monomeric and oligomeric tannins. Wines of the low altitude region, Pernambuco (350 m of altitude) were characterized by higher concentrations of flavonols (kaempferol, isorhamnetin, quercetin and rutin) and polymerized tannins. The chemical composition of wines from the two studied regions was influenced by altitude. A trend towards higher concentrations in most for phenolic compounds analyzed was observed in wines from the higher altitude region during the two years of study. Regarding the sensory profile, fruity, floral, herbaceous and empyreumatic attributes aromatic obtained highest scores in wines of the 350 m altitude region, the other attributes were dependent on the year of harvest
Water as a critical issue for viticulture in southern Europe: sustainability vs competiveness
Sourced from the research article “Modern viticulture in southern Europe: vulnerabilities and strategies for adaptation to water scarcity” (Agricultural Water Management, 2016)Water is a vulnerable resource in the Mediterranean region, but irrigation demands have been increasing to mitigate effects of environmental stress. Sustainable wine production involves the precise use of water in the vineyard and winery. Improved knowledge on grapevine ecophysiology and genetics, the use of sensors for soil and canopy monitoring, plant phenotyping and improved crop management can help save water. In the winery, best management practices and improved water metrics will promote water savings and decrease wastewater productioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Chemical and sensorial characterization of tropical syrah wines produced at different altitudes in northeast of the Brazil.
Over the years, viticulture has expanded to new regions outside the temperate zones, such as Northeast Brazil, India, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Bangladesh and Venezuela, characterized by the production of tropical wines. It is important for the productive sector to comprehend the effects of grapevine interaction with the characteristics of each new region on wines composition. In this study, the composition of wines of Syrah from two regions with different altitudes in Northeast Brazil were analyzed by different methodologies to characterize chemical compounds as sugar, acids, minerals, phenolics (anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes and condensed tannins) and the sensory profile. The wines of the Bahia region (1100 m of altitude) obtained high concentrations for chemical parameters related to color, monomeric anthocyanins, stilbenes and monomeric and oligomeric tannins. Wines of the low altitude region, Pernambuco (350 m of altitude) were characterized by higher concentrations of flavonols (kaempferol, isorhamnetin, quercetin and rutin) and polymerized tannins. The chemical composition of wines from the two studied regions was influenced by altitude. A trend towards higher concentrations in most for phenolic compounds analyzed was observed in wines from the higher altitude region during the two years of study. Regarding the sensory profile, fruity, floral, herbaceous and empyreumatic attributes aromatic obtained highest scores in wines of the 350 m altitude region, the other attributes were dependent on the year of harvest
Modern viticulture in southern Europe: Vulnerabilities and strategies for adaptation to water scarcity
Water
is
now
considered
the
most
important
but
vulnerable
resource
in
the
Mediterranean
region.
Nev
ertheless,
irrigation
expanded
fast
in
the
region
(e.g.
South
Portugal
and
Spain)
to
mitigate
environmental
stress
and
to
guarantee
stable
grape
yield
and
quality.
Sustainable
wine
production
depends
on
sustain
able
water
use
in
the
wine’s
supply
chain,
from
the
vine
to
the
bottle.
Better
understanding
of
grapevine
stress
physiology
(e.g.
water
relations,
temperature
regulation,
water
use
efficiency),
more
robust
crop
monitoring/phenotyping
and
implementation
of
best
water
management
practices
will
help
to
mitigate
climate
effects
and
will
enable
significant
water
savings
in
the
vineyard
and
winery.
In
this
paper,
we
focused
on
the
major
vulnerabilities
and
opportunities
of
South
European
Mediterranean
viticulture
(e.g.
in
Portugal
and
Spain)
and
present
a
multi-level
strategy
(from
plant
to
the
consumer)
to
overcome
region’s
weaknesses
and
support
strategies
for
adaptation
to
water
scarcity,
promote
sustainable
water
use
and
minimize
the
environmental
impact
of
the
sector