Osteopontin Deficiency Accelerates Spontaneous Colitis in Mice with Disrupted Gut Microbiota and Macrophage Phagocytic Activity - Fig 2

<p>(<b>A</b>) Enhanced <i>OPN</i> mRNA synthesis in the colonic tissues of IL-10 KO mice. Representative images of FISH for <i>OPN</i> mRNA in the rectal tissues from WT, IL-10 KO, and OPN/IL-10 DKO mice at 4 weeks of age. Scale bar = 100 μm. (<b>B</b>) Enhanced <i>OPN</i> expression localized to the colonic epithelial cells. Representative images of FISH for <i>OPN</i> mRNA (red) and immunofluorescent staining for E-cadherin (green) in the rectal tissues from IL-10 KO mice at 4 weeks of age. Scale bar = 100 μm.</p

Secreted Osteopontin Is Highly Polymerized in Human Airways and Fragmented in Asthmatic Airway Secretions

BACKGROUND: Osteopontin (OPN) is a member of the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family and a cytokine with diverse biologic roles. OPN undergoes extensive post-translational modifications, including polymerization and proteolytic fragmentation, which alters its biologic activity. Recent studies suggest that OPN may contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma. METHODOLOGY: To determine whether secreted OPN (sOPN) is polymerized in human airways and whether it is qualitatively different in asthma, we used immunoblotting to examine sOPN in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples from 12 healthy and 21 asthmatic subjects (and in sputum samples from 27 healthy and 21 asthmatic subjects). All asthmatic subjects had mild to moderate asthma and abstained from corticosteroids during the study. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between airway sOPN and cellular inflammation. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We found that sOPN in BAL fluid and sputum exists in polymeric, monomeric, and cleaved forms, with most of it in polymeric form. Compared to healthy subjects, asthmatic subjects had proportionately less polymeric sOPN and more monomeric and cleaved sOPN. Polymeric sOPN in BAL fluid was associated with increased alveolar macrophage counts in airways in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that sOPN in human airways (1) undergoes extensive post-translational modification by polymerization and proteolytic fragmentation, (2) is more fragmented and less polymerized in subjects with mild to moderate asthma, and (3) may contribute to recruitment or survival of alveolar macrophages