7,690 research outputs found
Mapping the Landscape of Behavioral Theories: Systematic Literature Review
The term “behavioral” has become a hot topic in recent years in various disciplines; however, there is yet limited understanding of what theories can be considered behavioral theories and what fields of research they can be applied to. Through a cross-disciplinary literature review, this article identifies sixty-two behavioral theories from 963 search results, mapping them in a diagram of four groups (factors, strategies, learning and conditioning, and modeling), and points to five discussion points: understanding of terms, classification, guidance on the use of appropriate theories, inclusion in data-driven research and agent-based modeling, and dialogue between theory-driven and data-driven approaches.ESRC, CHR
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Smart transport: A comparative analysis using the most used indicators in the literature juxtaposed with interventions in English metropolitan areas
The development of smart transport technologies, methods, strategies and infrastructures has drawn much attention in recent years, owing to the rise of smart cities paradigms and the rapid technological advancements in the transport sector. New transport technologies create opportunities and challenges for English cities to move towards a more sustainable and integrated future. Smart governance and interventions in the English metropolitan areas are reviewed to provide a background of the smart city and transport development in the UK.
Despite the increasing commercial and political attention, there is still a lack of understanding and proposals for a robust framework to evaluate the smart transport system. It is challenging to build a toolbox that suits both academics and practitioners when developing transport interventions and investments. This paper proposes a comprehensive and up-to-date framework to assess smart transport development in cities. A systematic literature review is conducted to identify the most used indicators and important indices. New indicators that illustrate trending themes are added to the existing toolbox. In total, 49 indicators are listed in this study, including five new ones. We also show several aspects and the overall performance in the new evaluation framework by aggregating indicators into indices in the following groups: 1) private, public and emergency transport indices; 2) accessibility, sustainability and innovation indices; and 3) a composite index. The new evaluation framework is applied in eleven English metropolitan areas. The empirical results show that Greater London has the best development in smart transport, followed by West Midlands and West of England. The findings can provide useful insights for metropolitan authorities and their transport authorities when key devolution strategies are in place and substantial investment packages are considered
Incorporating GIS data into an agent-based model to support planning policy making for the development of creative industries
This paper presents an extension to the agent-based model “Creative Industries Development–Urban Spatial Structure Transformation” by incorporating GIS data. Three agent classes, creative firms, creative workers and urban government, are considered in the model, and the spatial environment represents a set of GIS data layers (i.e. road network, key housing areas, land use). With the goal to facilitate urban policy makers to draw up policies locally and optimise the land use assignment in order to support the development of creative industries, the improved model exhibited its capacity to assist the policy makers conducting experiments and simulating different policy scenarios to see the corresponding dynamics of the spatial distributions of creative firms and creative workers across time within a city/district. The spatiotemporal graphs and maps record the simulation results and can be used as a reference by the policy makers to adjust land use plans adaptively at different stages of the creative industries’ development process
Quantification of respiratory parameters in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Dysfunction affecting cardiac or pulmonary systems has been postulated as a major factor in sudden death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Whilst the majority of studies of cardiorespiratory function have focused on changes during seizures, here we investigate whether epilepsy influences basal respiratory parameters in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) during the interictal period. Spirometry was performed in 10 females and 10 males. Measurements of Vital Capacity (VC), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1) and ratios of FEV1 to FVC (FEV1/FVC) were obtained, and these values were analyzed as percentages of predicted values. None of the patients had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and no significant alterations in respiratory function tests were found among these patients. No association between seizure frequency, antiepileptic drugs and SUDEP could be found in this study. Although the study did not identify any specific respiratory abnormality in TLE patients during the interictal period, re-evaluation of clinical data on pulmonary disorders in people with epilepsy should be better investigated
Physicochemical and microbiological meat quality, growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot-finished cull Santa Inês ewes and Moxotó goats
This study aimed at assessing the physicochemical and microbiological quality of feedlot-finished, culled Santa Inês ewes and Moxotó goats, and compares the intake, weight gain and carcass characteristics. Three Santa Inês ewes and Moxotó goats with similar ages were confined in double and/or individual pens and then euthanized after 40 days of confinement. The average intake, daily weight gain, hot carcass yield, cold carcass yield, weight loss by cooling and rib eye area (94.45%, 0.220 kg/day, 41.37%, 40.14%, 2.99%, 16.1 cm², respectively) of the Santa Inês ewes were higher than that of the Moxotó goats (84.01%; 0.06 kg/day; 41.55%; 39.81%; 4.12%; and 11.35 cm², respectively). The chevon (goat meat) showed higher protein levels (23.09 g/100 g), lower lipid levels (1.43 g/100 g) and higher red-color intensity (11.62), although it had lower tenderness (8.98 kgf shear strength). The superiority of the culled ewes was assessed relative to that of the culled goats, and the results showed that the Santa Inês sheep has better performance than the Moxotó goats. However, mutton and chevon derived from the culled animals are promising alternatives for small farmers because culled meats add value to the standard meat obtained from these animals, broaden sales alternatives and increase profitability.Key words: Performance parameters, physicochemical parameters, microbiological parameters, cull animals
Land use–transport interaction modeling: A review of the literature and future research directions
The aim of this review paper is to provide comprehensive and up-to-date material for both researchers and practitioners interested in land-use-transport interaction (LUTI) modeling. The paper brings together some 60 years of published research on the subject. The review discusses the dominant theoretical and conceptual propositions underpinning research in the field and the existing operational LUTI modeling frameworks as well as the modeling methodologies that have been applied over the years. On the basis of these, the paper discusses the challenges, on-going progress and future research directions around the following thematic areas: 1) the challenges imposed by disaggregation—data availability, computation time, stochastic variation and output uncertainty; 2) the challenges of and progress in integrating activity-based travel demand models into LUTI models; 3) the quest for a satisfactory measure of accessibility; and 4) progress and challenges toward integrating the environment into LUTI models
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