455 research outputs found
Magnetic Phases of Electron-Doped Manganites
We study the anisotropic magnetic structures exhibited by electron-doped
manganites using a model which incorporates the double-exchange between orbital
ly degenerate electrons and the super-exchange between
electrons with realistic values of the Hund's coupling(), the
super-exchange coupling(), and the bandwidth(). We look at the
relative stabilities of the G, C and A type antiferromagnetic ph ases. In
particular we find that the G-phase is stable for low electron doping as seen
in experiments. We find good agreement with the experimentally observed
magnetic phase diagrams of electron-doped manganites
() such as NdSrMnO, PrSrMnO,
and SmCaMnO. We can also explain the experimentally
observed orbital structures of the C a nd A phases.
We also extend our calculation for electron-doped bilayer manganites of the
form RAMnO and predict that the C-phase will be
absent in t hese systems due to their reduced dimensionality.Comment: 7 .ps files included. To appear in Phys. Rev. B (Feb 2001
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Recommendations From the International Consortium on Professional Nursing Practice in Long-Term Care Homes
In response to the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics’ global agenda for clinical research and quality of care in nursing homes, the International Consortium on Professional Nursing Practice in Long Term Care Homes (the Consortium) was formed to develop nursing leadership capacity in nursing homes and address the concerns regarding the current state of nursing leadership in long-term care homes (LTCHs). At its invitational, two-day inaugural meeting, the Consortium brought together international nurse experts to explore the potential of registered nurses (RNs) who work as supervisors or charge nurses within the LTCHs and the value of their contribution in nursing homes, consider what RN competencies might be needed, discuss effective educational (curriculum and practice) experiences, health care policy, and human resources planning requirements, and to identify what sustainable nurse leadership strategies and models might enhance the effectiveness of RNs in improving resident, family, and staff outcomes.
The Consortium made recommendations about the following priority issues for action: (1) define the competencies of RNs required to care for older adults in LTCH; (2) create a LTCH environment where the RN role is differentiated from other team members and they can practice to their full scope; and (3) prepare RN leaders to operate effectively in person-centered care LTCH environments. In addition to clear recommendations for practice, the consortium identified several areas where further research is needed. The research agenda the consortium advocated for emphasizes an international coordination of research efforts to explore similar issues, the pursuit of examining the impact of nursing and organizational models, and the showcasing of excellence in nursing practice in care homes, so that others might learn from what works. Several studies already underway will also be described
Optical Investigations of Charge Gap in Orbital Ordered La1/2Sr3/2MnO4
Temperature and polarization dependent electronic structure of La1/2Sr3/2MnO4
were investigated by optical conductivity analyses. With decreasing
temperature, for E//ab, a broad mid-infrared (MIR) peak of La1/2Sr3/2MnO4
becomes narrower and moves to the higher frequency, while that of
Nd1/2Sr3/2MnO4 nearly temperature independent. We showed that the MIR peak in
La1/2Sr3/2MnO4 originates from orbital ordering associated with CE-type
magnetic ordering and that the Jahn-Teller distortion has a significant
influence on the width and the position of the MIR peak.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Theory of spin wave excitations of metallic A-type antiferromagnetic manganites
The spin dynamic of the metallic A-type antiferromagnetic manganites is
studied. An effective nearest-neighbour Heisenberg spin wave dispersion is
derived from the double exchange model taking into account the superexchange
interaction between the core spins. The result of inelastic neutron scattering
experiment on is qualitatively reproduced.
Comparing theory with experimental data two main parameters of the model:
nearest-neighbour electron transfer amplitude and superexchange coupling
between the core spins are estimated.Comment: to appear in Phys. Rev.
Circumstellar interaction in supernovae in dense environments - an observational perspective
In a supernova explosion, the ejecta interacting with the surrounding
circumstellar medium (CSM) give rise to variety of radiation. Since CSM is
created from the mass lost from the progenitor star, it carries footprints of
the late time evolution of the star. This is one of the unique ways to get a
handle on the nature of the progenitor star system. Here, I will focus mainly
on the supernovae (SNe) exploding in dense environments, a.k.a. Type IIn SNe.
Radio and X-ray emission from this class of SNe have revealed important
modifications in their radiation properties, due to the presence of high
density CSM. Forward shock dominance of the X-ray emission, internal free-free
absorption of the radio emission, episodic or non-steady mass loss rate,
asymmetry in the explosion seem to be common properties of this class of SNe.Comment: Fixed minor typos. 31 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in
Space Science Reviews. Chapter in International Space Science Institute
(ISSI) Book on "Supernovae" to be published in Space Science Reviews by
Springe
Phase diagrams of in Double Exchange Model with added antiferromagnetic and Jahn-Teller interaction
The phase diagram of the multivalent manganites , in
space of temperature and doping , is a challenge for the theoretical
physics. It is an important test for the model used to study these compounds
and the method of calculation. To obtain theoretically this diagram for
, we consider the two-band Double Exchange Model for manganites with
added Jahn-Teller coupling and antiferromagnetic Heisenberg term. In order to
calculate Curie and N\'{e}el temperatures we derive an effective Heisenberg
model for a vector which describes the local orientation of the total
magnetization of the system. The exchange constants of this model are different
for different space directions and depend on the density of electrons,
antiferromagnetic constants and the Jahn-Teller energy. To reproduce the well
known phase transitions from A-type antiferromagnetism to ferromagnetism at low
and C-type antiferromagnetism to G-type antiferromagnetism at large , we
argue that the antiferromagnetic exchange constants should depend on the
lattice direction. We show that ferromagnetic to A-type antiferromagnetic
transition results from the Jahn-Teller distortion. Accounting adequately for
the magnon-magnon interaction, Curie and N\'{e}el temperatures are calculated.
The results are in very good agreement with the experiment and provide values
for the model parameters, which best describe the behavior of the critical
temperature for .Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
A glassy contribution to the heat capacity of hcp He solids
We model the low-temperature specific heat of solid He in the hexagonal
closed packed structure by invoking two-level tunneling states in addition to
the usual phonon contribution of a Debye crystal for temperatures far below the
Debye temperature, . By introducing a cutoff energy in the
two-level tunneling density of states, we can describe the excess specific heat
observed in solid hcp He, as well as the low-temperature linear term in the
specific heat. Agreement is found with recent measurements of the temperature
behavior of both specific heat and pressure. These results suggest the presence
of a very small fraction, at the parts-per-million (ppm) level, of two-level
tunneling systems in solid He, irrespective of the existence of
supersolidity.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Racial Differences in Physical and Mental Health
This article examines the extent to which racial differences in socio-economic status (SES), social class and acute and chronic indicators of perceived discrimination, as well as general measures of stress can account for black-white differences in self-reported measures of physical and mental health. The observed racial differences in health were markedly reduced when adjusted for education and especially income. However, both perceived discrimination and more traditional measures of stress are related to health and play an incremental role in accounting for differences between the races in health status. These findings underscore the need for research efforts to identify the complex ways in which economic and non-economic forms of discrimination relate to each other and combine with socio-economic position and other risk factors and resources to affect health.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67159/2/10.1177_135910539700200305.pd
Ordering and Fluctuation of Orbital and Lattice Distortion in Perovskite Manganese Oxides
Roles of orbital and lattice degrees of freedom in strongly correlated
systems are investigated to understand electronic properties of perovskite Mn
oxides such as La_{1-x}Sr_{x}MnO_{3}. An extended double-exchange model
containing Coulomb interaction, doubly degenerate orbitals and Jahn-Teller
coupling is derived under full polarization of spins with two-dimensional
anisotropy. Quantum fluctuation effects of Coulomb interaction and orbital
degrees of freedom are investigated by using the quantum Monte Carlo method. In
undoped states, it is crucial to consider both the Coulomb interaction and the
Jahn-Teller coupling in reproducing characteristic hierarchy of energy scales
among charge, orbital-lattice and spin degrees of freedom in experiments. Our
numerical results quantitatively reproduce the charge gap amplitude as well as
the stabilization energy and the amplitude of the cooperative Jahn-Teller
distortion in undoped compounds. Upon doping of carriers, in the absence of the
Jahn-Teller distortion, critical enhancement of both charge compressibility and
orbital correlation length is found with decreasing doping concentration. These
are discussed as origins of strong incoherence in charge dynamics. With the
Jahn-Teller coupling in the doped region, collapse of the Jahn-Teller
distortion and instability to phase separation are obtained and favorably
compared with experiments. These provide a possible way to understand the
complicated properties of lightly doped manganites.Comment: 22 pages RevTeX including 25 PS figures, submitted to Phys.Rev.B,
replaced version; two figures are replaced by Fig.17 with minor changes in
the tex
Muon anomalous magnetic moment in the standard model with two Higgs doublets
The muon anomalous magnetic moment is investigated in the standard model with
two Higgs doublets (S2HDM) motivated from spontaneous CP violation. Thus all
the effective Yukawa couplings become complex. As a consequence of the non-zero
phase in the couplings, the one loop contribution from the neutral scalar
bosons could be positive and negative relying on the CP phases. The
interference between one and two loop diagrams can be constructive in a large
parameter space of CP-phases. This will result in a significant contribution to
muon anomalous magnetic moment even in the flavor conserving process with a
heavy neutral scalar boson ( 200 GeV) once the effective muon Yukawa
coupling is large (). In general, the one loop contributions
from lepton flavor changing scalar interactions become more important. In
particular, when all contributions are positive in a reasonable parameter space
of CP phases, the recently reported 2.6 sigma experiment vs. theory deviation
can be easily explained even for a heavy scalar boson with a relative small
Yukawa coupling in the S2HDM.Comment: 8 pages, RevTex file, 5 figures, published version Phys. Rev. D 54
(2001) 11501
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