Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyridazine analogues (3-aldehyde-1-phenylpyridazine derivatives)

Five new pyridazine compounds were synthesized. The usefulness of IR, 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectroscopy for the structural analysis of the new compounds is well established. The differences in molecular structure between one absorbing compound and another affected a shift in absorption wavelength (.max). The structure-activity relationship among the pyridazine derivatives was measured against some pathogens. Compound 3e was found to be a more active drug than the standard antibiotic, streptomycin SO4. © 2010 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Biological evaluation, novel, pyridazine derivatives, antimicrobial agents

Zero additives preservation of Raphia palm wine

Palm wine obtained from Raphia palm (Raphia hookeri) in Ayingba, Kogi State, Nigeria, was pasteurized through zero addition of preservative and placed on the shelf for 6 months. After 6 months, another sample of palm wine obtained from the same area was fetched and comparative analysis was carried out on both wine samples to find out if there was significant difference in the quality of both samples. The following parameters were analysed: pH, total solids, total acidity, refractive index, alcoholic and sugar contents, ascorbic acid and microbiological analysis. The results showed that there was no significant difference in most of the parameters compared. However, there were significant differences in the alcoholic and sugar contents of the wine samples. This shows that pasteurisation of Raphia palm wine with zero additives is a good alternative to extending its shelf life instead of the use of chemical preservatives that are often not available in the country.Keywords: Palm wine, shelf life, fermentation, pasteurisation, zero additives

Gossipium hirsutum L. extract as green corrosion inhibitor for aluminum in HCl solution

Inhibitive effect of Gossipium hirsutum L. leaves extract on the acid corrosion of aluminum in 1 M HCl solution was studied by weight loss technique. The extract at optimum concentration inhibited the corrosion of aluminum, with about 92% inhibition efficiency and the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing concentration of the extract at 30 oC. The results obtained revealed that the adsorption of the inhibitor molecule onto metal surface accords with Lanqmuir adsorption isotherm.KEY WORDS: Aluminum, Gossipium hirsutum L., Weight loss, Acid corrosion, Acid inhibition Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2011, 25(3), 475-480

<b><i>Gossipium hirsutum</i> L. extract as green corrosion inhibitor for aluminum in HCl solution</b>

Inhibitive effect of Gossipium hirsutum L. leaves extract on the acid corrosion of aluminum in 1 M HCl solution was studied by weight loss technique. The extract at optimum concentration inhibited the corrosion of aluminum, with about 92% inhibition efficiency and the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing concentration of the extract at 30 oC. The results obtained revealed that the adsorption of the inhibitor molecule onto metal surface accords with Lanqmuir adsorption isotherm

Immunochip analyses identify a novel risk locus for primary biliary cirrhosis at 13q14, multiple independent associations at four established risk loci and epistasis between 1p31 and 7q32 risk variants

To further characterize the genetic basis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), we genotyped 2426 PBC patients and 5731 unaffected controls from three independent cohorts using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array (Immunochip) enriched for autoimmune disease risk loci. Meta-analysis of the genotype data sets identified a novel disease-associated locus near the TNFSF11 gene at 13q14, provided evidence for association at six additional immune-related loci not previously implicated in PBC and confirmed associations at 19 of 22 established risk loci. Results of conditional analyses also provided evidence for multiple independent association signals at four risk loci, with haplotype analyses suggesting independent SNP effects at the 2q32 and 16p13 loci, but complex haplotype driven effects at the 3q25 and 6p21 loci. By imputing classical HLA alleles from this data set, four class II alleles independently contributing to the association signal from this region were identified. Imputation of genotypes at the non-HLA loci also provided additional associations, but none with stronger effects than the genotyped variants. An epistatic interaction between the IL12RB2 risk locus at 1p31and the IRF5 risk locus at 7q32 was also identified and suggests a complementary effect of these loci in predisposing to disease. These data expand the repertoire of genes with potential roles in PBC pathogenesis that need to be explored by follow-up biological studies