Is conservative treatment for adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix safe?

Jusque vers 1800, la ville de Mitau est perçue essentiellement comme une cité germanique, sans véritable prise en compte de la diversité des nations qui y vivent, au premier rang desquelles les Lettons. Progressivement, le désintérêt apparent pour les autres peuples fait place à une réflexion concernant la transmission des modes de vie, des mœurs et des langues par la fréquentation quotidienne. Pour les observateurs allemands ou français, le trait typique de la société locale apparaît désormais être le « mélange », dont la définition peut considérablement varier.Bis 1800 wird die Stadt Mitau hauptsächlich als eine deutsche Stadt wahrgenommen, wobei die dort befindlichen Nationen wie ausgeklammert werden, allen voran die Letten. Allmählich wird anstatt des scheinbar mangelnden Interesses für andere Völker die Frage der Vermittlung der Lebensweisen, der Sitten und der Sprachen durch den alltäglichen Umgang thematisiert. Für deutsche und französische Beobachter scheint nun der typische Zug dieser Gesellschaft im « Gemisch » zu liegen, das allerdings unterschiedlich definiert werden kann.Until 1800 the city of Mitau was primarily perceived as a German town, without taking into account the diversity of the nations living there, in particular the Latvians. Progressively, instead of the apparent lack of interest for other people, some reflections begin to be formulated about the transmission of ways of life, habits and languages via everyday life. For German and French observers, the characteristic seemed to be one of “mixing”, the definition of which could vary

Avaliação do efeito antifúngico do óleo resina e do óleo essencial de copaíba (Copaifera multijuga Hayne) Evaluation of the antifungal effect of oleoresin and essential oil of copaiba (Copaifera multijuga Hayne)

Óleo de Copaifera multijuga Hayne, in natura e as frações foram avaliados quanto às suas atividades fungitóxicas, frente a cinco espécies de fungos filamentosos do gênero Aspergillus e três espécies de leveduras do gênero Candida. Concentrações de óleo resina e de óleo essencial na faixa de 0,08 mg mL-1a 1,6 mg mL-1 foram usadas para as análises qualitativa e quantitativas. As amostras foram dispostas sobre discos de papel de 5 mm de diâmetro e distribuídos sobre o meio Saboraud em placas de Petri, inoculadas com esporos dos microrganismos e incubadas a 28ºC durante 10 dias. Utilizou-se uma solução com 1,6 mg mL-1 de nitrato de miconazol como controle positivo. Os resultados qualitativos mostraram que o óleo resina apresentou boa atividade, porém uma das frações do óleo essencial se mostrou altamente efetivo contra C. parapsilosis IOC - 2882, A.flavus IOC-3874 e A. tamarii IOC-187 com halos de inibição de 16,0±1,4 mm, 19,5±2,1 mm e 12,5±3,5 mm, respectivamente. Já a avaliação quantitativa mostrou que 0,3 mg mL-1 do óleo resina inibiu o crescimento de A. flavus e C. parapsilosis, enquanto que 0,08 mg mL-1 da fração do óleo essencial atingiu esta mesma atividade.<br>Copaifera multijuga Hayne oil in natura and its fractions were evaluated as to their fungitoxic activities against five filamentous fungus species belonging to the genus Aspergillus and three yeast species of the genus Candida. Oleoresin and essential oil concentrations ranging from 0.08 mg mL-1 to 1.6 mg mL-1 were used for qualitative and quantitative analyses. The samples were placed onto 5mm-diameter paper discs distributed on Sabouraud's medium in Petri dishes inoculated with spores of the microorganisms and incubated at 28ºC for 10 days. A solution containing 1.6 mg mL-1 miconazole nitrate was used as positive control. Qualitative results showed that the oleoresin presented good activity, while a fraction of the essential oil was highly effective against Candida parapsilosis IOC-2882, Aspergillus flavus IOC-3874 and A tamarii IOC-187 with 16.0±1.4 mm, 19.5±2.1 mm and 12.5±3.5 mm inhibition halos, respectively. The quantitative evaluation showed that 0.3 mg mL-1 oleoresin inhibited the growth of Aspergillus flavus and Candida parapsilosis, while 0.08 mg mL-1 of the essential oil fraction reached this same activity

Information retrieved from specimens at Natural History Collections can improve the quality of field-based ecological networks

Numerous studies analyze the interactions between plants and their pollinators in ecological communities using a network approach. However, field studies rarely record all the interactions occurring in the field. In this sense Natural History Collections (NHCs) can provide information on interactions that may have been missed by field sampling. In this study we compare a network based on field sampling with a network based on data retrieved from specimens at NHCs, and we assess the degree to which these two sources of data are complementary. For this we used data available from a bee biodiversity study conducted in Southern Argentina for the South American bee genus Corynura (Halictidae: Augochlorini). Data on the floral associations of the specimens at NHCs were retrieved from the specimens’ labels, as the name of the plant species on which a given bee was captured is often recorded for many specimens at NHCs. Although field sampling recorded an unusually high number of insect-plant interactions, it misses some unique interactions present in the NHCs networks. Some structural properties of these networks are briefly analyzed, and usefulness and limitations of using NHCs data are discussed. We conclude that the information about insect-plant interactions extracted from NHCs could complement field-based data, especially in poorly sampled communities.Fil: González Vaquero, Rocío Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Gravel, A. I.. York University; CanadáFil: Devoto, Mariano. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin