Modeling top-down and bottom-up drivers of a regime shift in invasive aquatic plant stable states

FWN – Publicaties zonder aanstelling Universiteit Leide

Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19

Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2,3,4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease

Evidence for a new regime shift between floating and submerged invasive plant dominance in South Africa

FWN – Publicaties zonder aanstelling Universiteit Leide

Fungal Planet description sheets: 281–319

Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from South Africa: Alanphillipsia aloeicola from Aloe sp., Arxiella dolichandrae from Dolichandra unguiscati, Ganoderma austroafricanum from Jacaranda mimosifolia, Phacidiella podocarpi and Phaeosphaeria podocarpi from Podocarpus latifolius, Phyllosticta mimusopisicola from Mimusops zeyheri and Sphaerulina pelargonii from Pelargonium sp. Furthermore, Barssia maroccana is described from Cedrus atlantica (Morocco), Codinaea pini from Pinus patula (Uganda), Crucellisporiopsis marquesiae from Marquesia acuminata (Zambia), Dinemasporium ipomoeae from Ipomoea pes-caprae (Vietnam), Diaporthe phragmitis from Phragmites australis (China), Marasmius vladimirii from leaf litter (India), Melanconium hedericola from Hedera helix (Spain), Pluteus albotomentosus and Pluteus extremiorientalis from a mixed forest (Russia), Rachicladosporium eucalypti from Eucalyptus globulus (Ethiopia), Sistotrema epiphyllum from dead leaves of Fagus sylvatica in a forest (The Netherlands), Stagonospora chrysopyla from Scirpus microcarpus (USA) and Trichomerium dioscoreae from Dioscorea sp. (Japan). Novel species from Australia include: Corynespora endiandrae from Endiandra introrsa, Gonatophragmium triuniae from Triunia youngiana, Penicillium coccotrypicola from Archontophoenix cunninghamiana and Phytophthora moyootj from soil. Novelties from Iran include Neocamarosporium chichastianum from soil and Seimatosporium pistaciae from Pistacia vera. Xenosonderhenia eucalypti and Zasmidium eucalyptigenum are newly described from Eucalyptus urophylla in Indonesia. Diaporthe acaciarum and Roussoella acacia are newly described from Acacia tortilis in Tanzania. New species from Italy include Comoclathris spartii from Spartium junceum and Phoma tamaricicola from Tamarix gallica. Novel genera include (Ascomycetes): Acremoniopsis from forest soil and Collarina from water sediments (Spain), Phellinocrescentia from a Phellinus sp. (French Guiana), Neobambusicola from Strelitzia nicolai (South Africa), Neocladophialophora from Quercus robur (Germany), Neophysalospora from Corymbia henryi (Mozambique) and Xenophaeosphaeria from Grewia sp. (Tanzania). Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa

Fungal Planet description sheets: 281–319

Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from South Africa: Alanphillipsia aloeicola from Aloe sp., Arxiella dolichandrae from Dolichandra unguiscati, Ganoderma austroafricanum from Jacaranda mimosifolia, Phacidiella podocarpi and Phaeosphaeria podocarpi from Podocarpus latifolius, Phyllosticta mimusopisicola from Mimusops zeyheri and Sphaerulina pelargonii from Pelargonium sp. Furthermore, Barssia maroccana is described from Cedrus atlantica (Morocco), Codinaea pini from Pinus patula (Uganda), Crucellisporiopsis marquesiae from Marquesia acuminata (Zambia), Dinemasporium ipomoeae from Ipomoea pes-caprae (Vietnam), Diaporthe phragmitis from Phragmites australis (China), Marasmius vladimirii from leaf litter (India), Melanconium hedericola from Hedera helix (Spain), Pluteus albotomentosus and Pluteus extremiorientalis from a mixed forest (Russia), Rachicladosporium eucalypti from Eucalyptus globulus (Ethiopia), Sistotrema epiphyllum from dead leaves of Fagus sylvatica in a forest (The Netherlands), Stagonospora chrysopyla from Scirpus microcarpus (USA) and Trichomerium dioscoreae from Dioscorea sp. (Japan). Novel species from Australia include: Corynespora endiandrae from Endiandra introrsa, Gonatophragmium triuniae from Triunia youngiana, Penicillium coccotrypicola from Archontophoenix cunninghamiana and Phytophthora moyootj from soil. Novelties from Iran include Neocamarosporium chichastianum from soil and Seimatosporium pistaciae from Pistacia vera, Xenosonderhenia eucalypti and Zasmidium eucalyptigenum are newly described from Eucalyptus urophylla in Indonesia. Diaporthe acaciarum and Roussoella acacia are newly described from Acacia tortilis in Tanzania. New species from Italy include Comoclathris spartii from Spartium junceum and Phoma tamaricicola from Tamarix gallica. Novel genera include (Ascomycetes): Acremoniopsis from forest soil and Collarina from water sediments (Spain), Phellinocrescentia from a Phellinus sp. (French Guiana), Neobambusicola from Strelitzia nicolai (South Africa), Neocladophialophora from Quercus robur (Germany), Neophysalospora from Cotymbia henryi (Mozambique) and Xenophaeosphaeria from Grewia sp. (Tanzania). Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa

FLOW+RIFT _ New Archaeological Museum at Kato Paphos

Στη συγκεκριμένη διπλωματική εργασία επιχειρείται να δοθεί ένας σχεδιασμός σε ολόκληρο το αρχαιολογικό πάρκο της Κ. Πάφου με τη μορφή στρατηγικού σχεδίου (masterplan) και με βάση αυτό, σχεδιάζεται το Νέο Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο για το συγκεκριμένο πάρκο. Η κεντρική συνθετική ιδέα στηρίζεται σε μια εγκάρσια πορεία η οποία έχει αφετηρία την πόλη, διασχίζει το πάρκο και καταλήγει στη θάλασσα με μια απόληξη σε μορφή μπαλκονιού. Πάνω σε αυτή την εγκάρσια πορεία (ροή), τοποθετείται το Νέο Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο του χώρου το οποίο ακολουθεί την γραμμικότητα της ροής. Το μουσείο στηρίζεται πάνω σε δύο προδιαγραφές. Η πρώτη είναι ότι πρέπει να ίπταται ώστε να μπορέσει να σεβαστεί οποιαδήποτε καινούρια ευρήματα είναι πιθανόν να βρεθούν κάτω από αυτό. Η δεύτερη έχει να κάνει με τη σχέση του κτιρίου σε σχέση με την κλίμακα της πόλης. Επειδή πρόκειται για ένα πολύ μεγάλο κτίριο, περίπου 6000 τ.μ., εφαρμόζεται η τεχνική της ρηγμάτωσης μέσα στην ροή, εκμεταλλευόμενος την υψομετρική διαφορά που δημιουργεί ένας λόφος ο οποίος βρίσκεται μέσα στο αρχαιολογικό πάρκο. Έτσι το κτίριο ίπταται, αλλά την ίδια ώρα κρύβεται μέσα σε ένα ρήγμα ώστε να μπορεί να συνδιαλέγεται αρμονικά με την πόλη και το αρχαιολογικό πάρκο.The diploma thesis project tries to redesign the archaeological park of Kato Paphos at Cyprus as a masterplan and designs also the New Archaeological Museum for the park, based on the masterplan. The main idea is based on a transverse direction which begins from the town, goes across the park and finishes near to the limits of the sea. The New Archaeological Museum is placed on this transverse path (flow) and follows its linearity. The museum relies on two specifications. The first one is that it must be soaring so it can be able to face cases of new findings under it. The second is the relation of the building comparing to the scale of the building environment of town. The building program requires a huge museum close to 6000 sq.m. In this case it is applied the technique of a rift into the flow, taking advantage of the height difference created by a hill which is located inside the archaeological park. So the same time, the building can "fly" while it can be hidden in a rift and can converse in harmony with the city and the archaeological park.Ανδρέας Γ. Κυριάκο