Математическая модель прогноза скорости фиброза печени у больных с хроническим гепатитом С на основе комбинаций геномных маркеров

Aim of study. To evaluate clinical significance of different combinations of gene polymorphisms IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, HFE, TGF-b, ATR1, NOS3894, CYBA, AGT, MTHFR, FII, FV, FVII, FXIII, ITGA2, ITGB3, FBG, PAI and their prognostic value for prediction of liver fibrosis progression rate in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).Subjects and methods: 118 patients with CHC were divided into «fast» and «slow» (fibrosis rate progression ≥0,13 and 0,13 fibrosis units/yr; n =64 and n =54) fibrosis groups. Gene polymorphisms were determined. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10.Results. A allele (p =0,012) and genotype AA (p =0,024) of AGT G-6T gene, as well as T allele (p =0,013) and MT+TT genotypes (p =0,005) of AGT 235 M/T gene were significantly more common in «fast fibrosers» than in «slow fibrosers». Patients with genotype TT of CYBA 242 C/T had a higher fibrosis progression rate than patients with CC+CT genotype (p =0,02). Our analysis showed a protective effect of TT genotype of ITGA2 807 C/T on fibrosis progression rate (p =0,03). There was a trend (p 0,15) to higher fibrosis progression rate in patients with mutant alleles and genotypes of TGFb +915 G/C, FXIII 103 G/T, PAI -675 5G/4G genes. Other gene polymorphisms were not associated with enhanced liver fibrosis. To build a mathematical model for prediction of liver fibrosis progression rate we performed coding with scores for genotypes and virus genotype. Total score correlated with the fibrosis progression rate (R =0,39, p =0,000).Conclusion: Determination of genetic profile of the patient and virus genotype allows to predict the course of CHC. Обоснование. В настоящее время большое внимание уделяется поиску генетических факторов, объясняющих течение хронического гепатита С (ХГС).Цель исследования: оценить прогностическую значимость носительства комбинаций аллельных вариантов генов IL 1b, IL 6, IL 10, TNF α, HFE, TGF b, ATR1, NOS3, CYBA, AGT, MTHFR, FII, FV, FVII, FXIII, ITGA2, ITGB3, FBG, PAI на прогрессирование фиброза печени при ХГС.Материалы и методы: 118 пациентов с ХГС разделены на группы с быстрым и медленным (скорость фиброза ≥0,13 и 0,13 ед. фиброза/год; n =64 и n =54, соответственно) фиброзом. Выполнено определение полиморфизма. Статистическую обработку результатов проводили с использованием пакетов программ Statistica 10.Результаты. У больных с быстрым фиброзом в сравнении с группой с медленным чаще встречались аллель А (р =0,012) и мутантный генотип АА (р =0,024) гена AGT G-6T, также в данной группе чаще выявляли аллель Т (р =0,013) и генотип МТ+ТТ гена AGT 235 M/T (р =0,005). Больные с генотипом ТТ гена CYBA 242 C/T имели более высокую скорость фиброза по сравнению с больными с генотипом СС+СТ (р =0,02). В ходе анализа выявлено протективное влияние гомозиготы ТТ гена ITGA2 807 C/T на темпы фиброза (р =0,03). Наблюдались тенденции к различию по встречаемости аллелей и генотипов полиморфных маркеров TGFb +915 G/С, FXIII 103 G/T, PAI -675 5G/4G между двумя группами. Для остальных генов достоверных отличий не обнаружено. В дальнейшем построена математическая модель, учитывающая протективное и профиброгенное влияние генов, в также влияние генотипа вируса. Выявлена корреляция между суммой баллов в этой модели и темпом прогрессирования фиброза в печени (R =0,39, p =0,000).Заключение: предложенная математическая модель может прогнозировать течение болезни

Implementing the education of future entrepreneurs in developing countries: Agile integration of traditions and innovations

Today, more and more attention all over the world is paid to entrepreneurship education, since such specialized education helps to fight against unemployment, and can stimulate innovation and economic growth. The purpose of this study is to analyze the socio-economic environment of developing countries to evaluate educational programs for future entrepreneurs. The business environment and innovation in the context of educational programs are investigated based on open statistics. The methodological and informational basis for the analysis was the Index of Economic Freedom (IEF), the rating of national higher education systems (U21) and the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring (GEM). The analysis showed that the socio-cultural and economic environment is crucial for the successful implementation of entrepreneurial training programs, and countries pursuing a policy of economic freedom create favourable conditions for trade and commercial services, which determines the successful development of educational programs in the field of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship training provides the skills and knowledge necessary for developing business ideas, creating and developing enterprises. Thus, entrepreneurship entails innovation for the state, implementation, and independence-for the individual. © 2019, Allied Business Academies. All rights reserved

Sputtering of Mo and Al in D2/N2 plasma cleaning discharge

Sputtering of Mo and Al (as Be proxy) in mixed D2/N2 DC glow discharge was studied in view of the first mirror performance. The composition of the working gas was varied from 100% D2 to 100% N2, while keeping a total pressure of 15Pa. The ion energies striking the sample surface were defined by its 100V biasing negative to a floating potential. It has been obtained that the sputtering yield of Mo and Al increases gradually with N2 concentration up to 4‒16mol% and decreases with further N2 addition. In contrast, the sputtering yield of Be remains unchanged up to 10mol% of N2. Adding 16mol% leads to three-fold decrease in the sputtering rate. The sputtering behavior is discussed in context of surface data analysis and mass spectroscopy of the discharge gas exhaust. Variation in reflectivity of a single crystalline Mo due to plasma exposure under similar conditions is also presented and discussed