The development, structure and repair of articular cartilage

Everts, V. [Promotor]Wismeyer, D. [Promotor]Liu, Y. [Copromotor

Second order perturbation theory for embedded eigenvalues

We study second order perturbation theory for embedded eigenvalues of an abstract class of self-adjoint operators. Using an extension of the Mourre theory, under assumptions on the regularity of bound states with respect to a conjugate operator, we prove upper semicontinuity of the point spectrum and establish the Fermi Golden Rule criterion. Our results apply to massless Pauli-Fierz Hamiltonians for arbitrary coupling.Comment: 30 pages, 2 figure

Time evolution of in vivo articular cartilage repair induced by bone marrow stimulation and scaffold implantation in rabbits

Purpose: Tissue engineering techniques were used to study cartilage repair over a 12-month period in a rabbit model. Methods: A full-depth chondral defect along with subchondral bone injury were originated in the knee joint, where a biostable porous scaffold was implanted, synthesized of poly(ethyl acrylate-co-hydroxyethyl acrylate) copolymer. Morphological evolution of cartilage repair was studied 1 and 2 weeks, and 1, 3, and 12 months after implantation by histological techniques. The 3-month group was chosen to compare cartilage repair to an additional group where scaffolds were preseeded with allogeneic chondrocytes before implantation, and also to controls, who underwent the same surgery procedure, with no scaffold implantation. Results: Neotissue growth was first observed in the deepest scaffold pores 1 week after implantation, which spread thereafter; 3 months later scaffold pores were filled mostly with cartilaginous tissue in superficial and middle zones, and with bone tissue adjacent to subchondral bone. Simultaneously, native chondrocytes at the edges of the defect started to proliferate 1 week after implantation; within a month those edges had grown centripetally and seemed to embed the scaffold, and after 3 months, hyaline-like cartilage was observed on the condylar surface. Preseeded scaffolds slightly improved tissue growth, although the quality of repair tissue was similar to non-preseeded scaffolds. Controls showed that fibrous cartilage was mainly filling the repair area 3 months after surgery. In the 12-month group, articular cartilage resembled the untreated surface. Conclusions: Scaffolds guided cartilaginous tissue growth in vivo, suggesting their importance in stress transmission to the cells for cartilage repair.This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through MAT2010-21611-C03-00 project (including the FEDER financial support), by Conselleria de Educacion (Generalitat Valenciana, Spain) PROMETEO/2011/084 grant, and by CIBER-BBN en Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina. The work of JLGR was partially supported by funds from the Generalitat Valenciana, ACOMP/2012/075 project. CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&i Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program, CIBER Actions and financed by the - Instituto de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund.Sancho-Tello Valls, M.; Forriol, F.; Gastaldi, P.; Ruiz Sauri, A.; Martín De Llano, JJ.; Novella-Maestre, E.; Antolinos Turpín, CM.... (2015). 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Calcium phosphate implants coatings as carriers for BMP-2

The osteoconductivity of dental implants can be improved by coating them with a layer of calcium phosphate (CaP), which can be rendered osteoinductive by functionalizing it with an osteogenic agent, such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). In the present study, we wished to compare the osteoindcutive efficacies of three different types of BMP-2-bearing calcium-phosphate coating: one of hydroxyapatite (C-HA), which was prepared conventionally, viz., under extremely unphysiological conditions of temperature (> 1000°C). by plasma spraying, and two that were prepared biomimetically, viz., under physiological conditions of temperature (37°C). One of the latter two was an amorphous layer of calcium phosphate (B-A), which serves as a seeding substratum during the two-stage biomimetic coating procedure; the second was a composite of this amorphous seeding layer and a subsequently deposited crystalline one of octacalcium phosphate (B-A/OCP). Titanium-alloy discs (lOmm in diameter) were coated with a layer of either C-HA, B-A or B-A/OCP, which was then functionalized by the direct adsorption of BMP-2 (2.5, 5.0 or 7.5 flg per disc). The discs (n =: 6 per group) were inserted at an ectopic (subcutaneous) site in rats, and retrieved 1, 2 or 3 weeks later for a histomorphometric analysis of the volumes of bone and foreign-body giant cells (a gauge of coating biocompatibility) and of the rate of coating degradation. Using the lowest quantity of BMP-2 (2.5 pg per disc), ectopic bone formation at the I-week juncture was associated only with the C-HA coatings; the bone volume in this group peaked between the first and the second weeks. In the groups with B-A or B-A/OCP coatings that likewise bore the lowest quantity of BMP-2, bone tissue fist became apparent after 2 weeks, and its volume had increased by the third. Using the intermediate (5.0 flg per disc) and highest (7.5 pg per disc) quantities of BMP-2, bone was associated with the B-A and BA/OCP coatings also at the I-week juncture, and its volume increased progressively thereafter. The temporal course of bone fOl'mation around the C-HA coatings was similar to that observed using the lowest quantity of BMP-2. Our data indicate that an adsorbed depot of BMP-2 is released more gradually from biol11imetically-prepared than from conventionallyprepared coatings of calcium phosphate, with the consequence that the osteoinductive efficacy of the former is raised above that of the latter