Quality of Housing of Collective Farm Families in Sverdlovsk Region and Construction “Boom” of Second Half of 1950-ies

The results of the study of the quality of housing, where one of the largest categories of the population of the Sverdlovsk region - peasants-collective farmers - lived at the end of the 1950-ies of 20th century. The base of the conducted research were the results of statistical surveys of the villagers, which were held in the USSR since the early 1930-ies until the second half of 1960-ies. New archival materials are being put into circulation. It is stated that in the history of the 20th century the housing problem has remained one of the list of those that the Soviet command and administrative system has not been able to solve. It is stated that the issues of provision of housing for rural residents and its quality are practically not covered in the works of Middle Ural social scientists. It is noted that the main researchers’ attention is usually occupied by the material conditions of life of farmers, that is, their income, expenses, as well as the level of consumption. It is declared that by the mid-1950-ies the tension in the housing sector of the country reached its apogee. It is argued that since 1956 a complete modernization of the entire organization of construction business in the USSR had begun. The thesis that the development of urban infrastructure of the Middle Urals in the 1950-ies should not be overestimated is put forward. It is concluded that the Middle Ural village was in clearly the worst conditions by almost all indicators of life of the population, and the construction “boom” of the second half of the 1950-ies had little impact on the volume and quality of its housing stock

The role of neuropsychological support in the system of comprehensive medical and psychological rehabilitation of children of primary school age

The purpose of the study - To investigate the level of awareness of the parent about the disease of his child, to assess how important they consider the work of a neuropsychologist to correct the cognitive sphere of the child.Цель исследования - исследовать уровень информированности родителя о заболевании его ребенка, оценить, насколько родители считают важным работу нейропсихолога по коррекции когнитивной сферы ребенка

Screening, identification, and antibiotic activity of secondary metabolites of Penicillium sp. LPB2019K3-2 isolated from endemic amphipods of Lake Baikal

This study aimed to assess the influence of nutrient media content on the production of antibiotics and the ability of water fungi isolated from lake Baikal to synthesize novel natural products. Interest in this topic stems from the high demand for new drugs, and studies are carried out via the screening of new natural products with biological activity produced by unstudied or extremophilic microorganisms. For this study, a strain of Penicillium sp. was isolated from endemic Baikal phytophagous amphipod species. Here, we identified natural products using the following classical assays: biotechnological cultivation, MALDI identification of the strain, natural product extraction, antimicrobial activity determination, and modern methods such as HPLC-MS for the dereplication and description of natural products. It was found that many detected metabolites were not included in the most extensive database. Most of the identified metabolites were characterized by their biological activity and demonstrated antibiotic activity against model Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The isolated strain of water fungus produced penicolinate B, meleagrin A, austinoneol A, andrastin A, and other natural products. Additionally, we show that the synthesis of low-molecular-weight natural products depends on the composition of the microbiological nutrient media used for cultivation. Thus, although the golden age of antibiotics ended many years ago and microscopic fungi are well studied producers of known antibiotics, the water fungi of the Lake Baikal ecosystem possess great potential in the search for new natural products for the development of new drugs. These natural products can become new pharmaceuticals and can be used in therapy to treat new diseases such as SARS, MERS, H5N1, etc

FIRST REPORT ON TRUFFLE-INHABITING FUNGI AND METAGENOMIC COMMUNITIES OF TUBER AESTIVUM COLLECTED IN RUSSIA

Truffles are one of the least studied groups of fungi in terms of their biological and biotechnological aspects. This study aimed to isolate truffle-inhabiting fungi and assess the metagenomic communities of the most common Russian summer truffle, Tuber aestivum. This study is the first to characterize the biodiversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms living in the truffle T. aestivum using molecular analysis and sequencing. Plant pathogens involved in a symbiotic relationship with truffles were identified by sequencing the hypervariable fragments of the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes. In addition, some strains of fungal symbionts and likely pathogens were isolated and recognized for the first time from the truffles. This study also compared and characterized the general diversity and distribution of microbial taxa of T. aestivum collected in Russia and Europe. The results revealed that the Russian and European truffle study materials demonstrated high similarity. In addition to the truffles, representatives of bacteria, fungi, and protists were found in the fruiting bodies. Many of these prokaryotic and eukaryotic species inhabiting truffles might influence them, help them form mycorrhizae with trees, and regulate biological processes. Thus, truffles are interesting and promising sources for modern biotechnological and agricultural studies

Общественное участие в высшем образовании: роль университетов

Purpose: the aim of this paper is to identify the problems of low effectiveness of public participation in higher education on the basis of the analysis of theoretical-methodological and empirical literature.Methods: this study is based on the institutional paradigm, through the application of the tools of which the main actors with the potential for participation in higher education, roles, opportunities for influence and interests of participants in relation to the system of higher education are identified. The problems of efficiency of interaction between universities and society were identified and characterized in terms of institutional economics.Results: the directions of organization of social involvement in higher education were defined, the taxonomy of directions of interaction between university and society on the example of Ural State University of Economics was given. Based on the correlation of interests and opportunities for influence, their projection on the potential of interaction between the main stakeholder groups of the higher education system was carried out.The problems of low efficiency of interaction between society and higher education were revealed. The most important problems include the lack of a system of informal institutions that mediate the participation practices of the population, employers, and civil society institutions in the implementation of higher education programs. There is no consistent formalization of the processes of interaction between society and higher education through state regulation of this sphere. The most widespread problem is the lack of an established mechanism (model) of public involvement in the educational process that has the necessary methodological and instrumental support in the state policy in the sphere of education. The right of the public to participate in education management is not obvious and understandable for individuals.Сonclusions and Relevance: the potential of studying the sphere of public participation in higher education requires the creation of an independent research program in order to develop areas for improvement and development of institutions mediating the interaction between universities and society.Целью настоящей работы является идентификация проблем низкой эффективности общественного участия в высшем образовании на основе анализа теоретико-методологической и эмпирической литературы.Метод или методология проведения работы. В основе настоящего исследования лежит институциональная парадигма, посредством применения инструментария которой определены основные акторы, имеющие потенциал участия в высшем образовании, роли, возможности влияния и интересы участников по отношению к системе высшего образования. В терминах институциональной экономики идентифицированы и охарактеризованы проблемы эффективности взаимодействия университетов и общества.Результаты работы. Определены направления организации социальной вовлеченности в высшем образовании, приведена таксономия направлений взаимодействия университета и общества на примере Уральского государственного экономического университета. На основе соотнесения интересов и возможностей влияния осуществлена их проекция на потенциал взаимодействия основных групп стейкхолдеров системы высшего образования.Выявлены проблемы низкой эффективности взаимодействия общества и высшей школы. В ряду важнейших отмечена несформированность системы неформальных институтов, опосредующих практики участия населения, работодателей и институтов гражданского общества в реализации образовательных программ высшего образования. Отсутствует последовательная формализация процессов взаимодействия общества и высшей школы посредством государственного регулирования данной сферы. Наиболее значимой проблемой является отсутствие в государственной политике в сфере образования сложившегося механизма (модели) вовлечения общественности в образовательный процесс, имеющего необходимое методическое и инструментальное обеспечение. Право общества участвовать в управлении образованием не является очевидным и понятным для индивидов.Выводы. Потенциал изучения сферы общественного участия в высшем образовании требует создания самостоятельной исследовательской программы с целью разработки направлений совершенствования и развития институтов, опосредующих взаимодействие университетов и общества

Redox phospholipidomics of enzymatically generated oxygenated phospholipids as specific signals of programmed cell death

High fidelity and effective adaptive changes of the cell and tissue metabolism to changing environments require strict coordination of numerous biological processes. Multicellular organisms developed sophisticated signaling systems of monitoring and responding to these different contexts. Among these systems, oxygenated lipids play a significant role realized via a variety of re-programming mechanisms. Some of them are enacted as a part of pro-survival pathways that eliminate harmful or unnecessary molecules or organelles by a variety of degradation/hydrolytic reactions or specialized autophageal processes. When these “partial” intracellular measures are insufficient, the programs of cells death are triggered with the aim to remove irreparably damaged members of the multicellular community. These regulated cell death mechanisms are believed to heavily rely on signaling by a highly diversified group of molecules, oxygenated phospholipids (PLox). Out of thousands of detectable individual PLox species, redox phospholipidomics deciphered several specific molecules that seem to be diagnostic of specialized death programs. Oxygenated cardiolipins (CLs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) have been identified as predictive biomarkers of apoptosis and ferroptosis, respectively. This has led to decoding of the enzymatic mechanisms of their formation involving mitochondrial oxidation of CLs by cytochrome c and endoplasmic reticulum-associated oxidation of PE by lipoxygenases. Understanding of the specific biochemical radical-mediated mechanisms of these oxidative reactions opens new avenues for the design and search of highly specific regulators of cell death programs. This review emphasizes the usefulness of such selective lipid peroxidation mechanisms in contrast to the concept of random poorly controlled free radical reactions as instruments of non-specific damage of cells and their membranes. Detailed analysis of two specific examples of phospholipid oxidative signaling in apoptosis and ferroptosis along with their molecular mechanisms and roles in reprogramming has been presented

Analysis of the structure of german universities on the example of Ural state medical university and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin

The purpose of the study is to identify similarities and differences in the structure of medical universities in Germany and Russia.Цель исследования – выявление сходств и различий в устройстве медицинских университетов Германии и России

Incoherent Interplane Conductivity of kappa-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br

The interplane optical spectrum of the organic superconductor kappa-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br was investigated in the frequency range from 40 to 40,000 cm-1. The optical conductivity was obtained by Kramers-Kronig analysis of the reflectance. The absence of a Drude peak at low frequency is consistent with incoherent conductivity but in apparent contradiction to the metallic temperature dependence of the DC resistivity. We set an upper limit to the interplane transfer integral of tb = 0.1 meV. A model of defect-assisted interplane transport can account for this discrepancy. We also assign the phonon lines in the conductivity to the asymmetric modes of the ET molecule.Comment: 7 pages with embedded figures, submitted to PR

Electronic correlation in the infrared optical properties of the quasi two dimensional κ\kappa-type BEDT-TTF dimer system

The polarized optical reflectance spectra of the quasi two dimensional organic correlated electron system $\kappa$-(BEDT-TTF)$_{2}$Cu[N(CN)$_{2}$]$Y$, $Y =$ Br and Cl are measured in the infrared region. The former shows the superconductivity at $T_{\rm c} \simeq$ 11.6 K and the latter does the antiferromagnetic insulator transition at $T_{\rm N} \simeq$ 28 K. Both the specific molecular vibration mode $\nu_{3}(a_{g})$ of the BEDT-TTF molecule and the optical conductivity hump in the mid-infrared region change correlatively at $T^{*} \simeq$ 38 K of $\kappa$-(BEDT-TTF)$_{2}$Cu[N(CN)$_{2}$]Br, although no indication of $T^{*}$ but the insulating behaviour below $T_{\rm ins} \simeq$ 50-60 K are found in $\kappa$-(BEDT-TTF)$_{2}$Cu[N(CN)$_{2}$]Cl. The results suggest that the electron-molecular vibration coupling on the $\nu_{3}(a_{g})$ mode becomes weak due to the enhancement of the itinerant nature of the carriers on the dimer of the BEDT-TTF molecules below $T^{*}$, while it does strong below $T_{\rm ins}$ because of the localized carriers on the dimer. These changes are in agreement with the reduction and the enhancement of the mid-infrared conductivity hump below $T^{*}$ and $T_{\rm ins}$, respectively, which originates from the transitions between the upper and lower Mott-Hubbard bands. The present observations demonstrate that two different metallic states of $\kappa$-(BEDT-TTF)$_{2}$Cu[N(CN)$_{2}$]Br are regarded as {\it a correlated good metal} below $T^{*}$ including the superconducting state and {\it a half filling bad metal} above $T^{*}$. In contrast the insulating state of $\kappa$-(BEDT-TTF)$_{2}$Cu[N(CN)$_{2}$]Cl below $T_{\rm ins}$ is the Mott insulator.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

Differential IL-1β secretion by monocyte subsets is regulated by Hsp27 through modulating mRNA stability.

Monocytes play a central role in regulating inflammation in response to infection or injury, and during auto-inflammatory diseases. Human blood contains classical, intermediate and non-classical monocyte subsets that each express characteristic patterns of cell surface CD16 and CD14; each subset also has specific functional properties, but the mechanisms underlying many of their distinctive features are undefined. Of particular interest is how monocyte subsets regulate secretion of the apical pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which is central to the initiation of immune responses but is also implicated in the pathology of various auto-immune/auto-inflammatory conditions. Here we show that primary human non-classical monocytes, exposed to LPS or LPS + BzATP (3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzyl-ATP, a P2X7R agonist), produce approx. 80% less IL-1β than intermediate or classical monocytes. Despite their low CD14 expression, LPS-sensing, caspase-1 activation and P2X7R activity were comparable in non-classical monocytes to other subsets: their diminished ability to produce IL-1β instead arose from 50% increased IL-1β mRNA decay rates, mediated by Hsp27. These findings identify the Hsp27 pathway as a novel therapeutic target for the management of conditions featuring dysregulated IL-1β production, and represent an advancement in understanding of both physiological inflammatory responses and the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases involving monocyte-derived IL-1β