Comparative Experiment on the Use of Unmanned and Ground-Based Technologies of Fertilizer and Crop Protection Products on Winter Barley

The results of a comparative experiment of the use of an agricultural drone Agras T10 and ground agricultural machines (Amazone ZA-X Perfect fertilizer spreader, Amazone UF-901 sprayer) for the application of nitrogen fertilizers and plant protection products (herbicides, insecticides and fungicides treatment) are presented. Yield of experimental and control plots, economic efficiency of unmanned and ground technologies are determined. Calculation of economic efficiency of unmanned technology showed that its productivity is 4 times less. While using this technology with differentiated fertilizer application the winter barley yield increased by 3,6% while the amount of fertilizer application decreased by 2%. Consumption of fuel and lubricants decreased by 1.4 times, metal consumption by 26.7 times

Study of Cane Dimensional Characteristics to Justify Sprayer Parameters

Based on the study of dimensional characteristics of reeds, a sprayer is proposed for the treatment of panicles of reeds growing in the elements of the irrigation system of rice checks. The boom of the offered sprayer has an original shape, sprayers of which are located along the trajectory of a parabola, taking into account the placement of the upper points of the panicles across the width of the channel and equipped with a protective chamber device, made in the form of an Archimedes spiral with a spiral pitch equal to at least 20 cm, the offset of the spiral center from the axis of the spraying nozzle vertically is equal to the spiral pitch 20 cm, and from the location of the spraying nozzle to the bottom treatment zone of panicles 40 cm

Ресурсосберегающие машинные технологии и режимы работы кукурузоуборочных машин

Russian agrarian can increase corn production and not depend on import if they get more yield and reduce losses at all stages of a harvest cycle. A unified complex of modern highly effective, resource-saving technologies and technical means of harvesting and postharvest processing of corn is for this purpose necessary. The authors offered a concept of multilevel system approach to interconnected functioning of all subsystems of corn production (from harvesting to crop processing and storage) by criterion of resource-saving. Resource-saving technologies of harvesting of ear corn with thresh in a field and with getting of corn and corn cob mix. The minimum of cumulative expenses of energy when harvesting ear corn (1005.3 megajoule per tonne) is provided by technology with use of a self-propelled picker-husker. For harvesting with ear corn thresh in the field the rational technology (724.4 megajoule per tonne) includes harvesting by the combine with an axial and rotor threshing mechanism on the basis of new constructive and technological decisions. The most effective technology is corn harvesting with use on a forage corn and corn cob mix (638.5 megajoule per tonne). The authors developed a block scheme and mathematical model of optimization of parameters and operating modes of technical means. As a result of optimization modernization of the corn harvester provided decrease in energy consumption from 260.4 to 228.2 megajoule per tonne, or by 12.4 percent; increase of combine capacity from 3.4 to 4.6 ha/h, or by 1,4 times, improvement of grain output акщь 12.3 to 14.7 kg/s, or by 1.2 times. Optimum parameters of the unit: width of capture of a harvester made 8.4 m, the working speed of the movement - 6,6 km/h, the mass of the combine - 18180 kg, engine capacity - 224.8 kW, optimum terms of harvesting of grain corn - 8 days.Увеличить производство кукурузы можно, если повысить ее урожайность и снизить потери на всех этапах уборочного цикла. Для этого необходимы современные высокоэффективные ресурсосберегающие технологии и технические средства уборки и послеуборочной обработки кукурузы в едином комплексе. Предложили концепцию многоуровневого системного подхода к взаимоувязанному функционированию всех подсистем производственных процессов заготовки кукурузы (от уборки до переработки и хранения урожая) по критерию ресурсосбережения. Обосновали необходимость применения ресурсосберегающих технологий уборки кукурузы в початках с их обмолотом в поле и с получением зерностержневой смеси. Выявили, что минимум совокупных затрат энергии при уборке кукурузы в початках (1005,3 МДж/т) обеспечивает технология с использованием самоходного пиккер-хескера. Показали, что для уборки кукурузы с обмолотом початков в поле (724,4 МДж/т) рациональная технология включает уборку комбайном с аксиально-роторным молотильно-сепарирующим устройством на базе новых конструктивно-технологических решений. Выявили наиболее эффективную технологию при уборке кукурузы - с использованием на корм зерностержневой смеси (638,5 МДж/т). Разработали структурную схему и математическую модель оптимизации параметров и режимов работы технических средств. Установили, что в результате оптимизации модернизация кукурузоуборочного агрегата обеспечила снижение энергозатрат с 260,4 до 228,2 МДж/т, или на 12,4 процента; повышение производительности комбайна - с 3,4 до 4,6 га/ч, или в 1,4 раза, пропускной способности - с 12,3 до 14,7 кг/с, или в 1,2 раза. Определили оптимальные параметры агрегата: ширина захвата жатки составила 8,4 м, рабочая скорость движения - 6,6 км/ч, масса комбайна - 18180 кг, мощность двигателя - 224,8 кВт, оптимальные сроки уборки кукурузы на зерно - 8 дней

Comparative Experiment on the Use of Unmanned and Ground-Based Technologies of Fertilizer and Crop Protection Products on Winter Barley

The results of a comparative experiment of the use of an agricultural drone Agras T10 and ground agricultural machines (Amazone ZA-X Perfect fertilizer spreader, Amazone UF-901 sprayer) for the application of nitrogen fertilizers and plant protection products (herbicides, insecticides and fungicides treatment) are presented. Yield of experimental and control plots, economic efficiency of unmanned and ground technologies are determined. Calculation of economic efficiency of unmanned technology showed that its productivity is 4 times less. While using this technology with differentiated fertilizer application the winter barley yield increased by 3,6% while the amount of fertilizer application decreased by 2%. Consumption of fuel and lubricants decreased by 1.4 times, metal consumption by 26.7 times

Сomparative tests of differentiated fertilizer application for wheat using task cards and nitrogen scanner

In the training and experimental farm of the Kuban State Agrarian University Krasnodarskoe from February 19 to July 6, 2020, an experiment was conducted on the comparative analysis of differentiated fertilizer application in on-line and off-line modes. The aim of the experiment was to compare the modes of differentiated application of nitrogen fertilizers (first and second top dressing) for winter wheat using task maps and GreenSeeker sensors. The calculation of economic efficiency showed that when using nitrogen scanners, fertilizers are saved on average 16 kg / ha, compared to the mode of creating task maps based on the NDVI index based on satellite data without losing grain yield and quality (gluten content increased by 2.3 %; protein content-0.6 %)

Optimization of parameters of resource-saving machine technologies and operating modes of corn harvesters

Russian agrarian can increase corn production and not depend on import if they get more yield and reduce losses at all stages of a harvest cycle. A unified complex of modern highly effective, resource-saving technologies and technical means of harvesting and postharvest processing of corn is for this purpose necessary. The authors offered a concept of multilevel system approach to interconnected functioning of all subsystems of corn production (from harvesting to crop processing and storage) by criterion of resource-saving. Resource-saving technologies of harvesting of ear corn with thresh in a field and with getting of corn and corn cob mix. The minimum of cumulative expenses of energy when harvesting ear corn (1005.3 megajoule per tonne) is provided by technology with use of a self-propelled picker-husker. For harvesting with ear corn thresh in the field the rational technology (724.4 megajoule per tonne) includes harvesting by the combine with an axial and rotor threshing mechanism on the basis of new constructive and technological decisions. The most effective technology is corn harvesting with use on a forage corn and corn cob mix (638.5 megajoule per tonne). The authors developed a block scheme and mathematical model of optimization of parameters and operating modes of technical means. As a result of optimization modernization of the corn harvester provided decrease in energy consumption from 260.4 to 228.2 megajoule per tonne, or by 12.4 percent; increase of combine capacity from 3.4 to 4.6 ha/h, or by 1,4 times, improvement of grain output акщь 12.3 to 14.7 kg/s, or by 1.2 times. Optimum parameters of the unit: width of capture of a harvester made 8.4 m, the working speed of the movement - 6,6 km/h, the mass of the combine - 18180 kg, engine capacity - 224.8 kW, optimum terms of harvesting of grain corn - 8 days