43 research outputs found

    The impact of government regulation on the Russian competitiveness within global β€œgreen” economy in conditions of sanctions

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    The aim of this paper is the study of the impact of state tax regulation on the competitiveness level of the Russian economy taking into account the development of β€œgreen” initiatives in the current conditions of sanctions pressure. This research includes the analysis of current positions of key countries promoting the initiative of β€œgreen” economy at the global level, and key beneficiaries of implemented mechanism are considered. Additionally, the situation in the Russian economy has been outlined within the global β€œgreen” economy with suggestions of the most efficient position for the national economy within the current situation. Moreover, this research includes the analysis of β€œgreen” economy concept development, its promotion and implementation by countries with the usage of different indicators for results measuring of economies by global β€œgreen” rankings

    INTERNATIONAL AND RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE OF INTERACTION BETWEEN AUDITING AND TAX ACCOUNTING

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    International and Russian experiences in the interaction of auditing and tax accounting have been studied. The differences between two accounting models, applying in various countries, have been analysed. The main characteristics of tax (continental) and proprietary (anglo-saxon) accounting models have been given. The analysis of two models of auditing and tax accounting has been carried out. The features of the Russian system of auditing and tax accounting have been considered. The main differences of auditing and tax accounting, using in the Russian Federation, have been analysed. The recommendations on improving the interaction of auditing and tax accounting, taking into account international practice in this area, have been given. It has been concluded about the influence of world experience on improving the Russian system of auditing and tax accounting

    Исламский Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ Π² антииндийской Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠŸΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π½Π°

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    The article analyses the specifics of the appeal to the Islamic factor in Pakistan to justify the conflict with India. Long-lasting confrontation between the two countries contributed to the cultivation of an enemy image of India by the Pakistan military, that was built mostly on the opposition of Muslims and Hindus, the incompatibility of their mentality and value systems. Thus, due to the policy of the military regimes, a religious motive became an inseparable part of the Indian-Pakistani confrontation. At the same time, for the Pakistani military personnel who joined the service under the colonial government hostile attitude towards India and the Hindu population was not typical. Such events as partition of British India and the colonial armed forces on the religious basis, the clashes between Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs, and the first Indo-Pakistani war contributed to the fact that Pakistani Muslim offi cers began to distrust Hindus. Subsequent generations of military personnel showed open hostility towards the Hindus, that contributed to the perception of the conflict with India in the spirit of the β€œclash of civilizations”. Justifi cation for the struggle in Kashmir is an important indicator of this, as it is depicted as protection of the Muslim brothers from the Hindu rule. Since Islam is positioned as a fundamental doctrine in Pakistan, these views on the confl ict have become an integral part of the ideology in general.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассматриваСтся спСцифика использования Π² ΠŸΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π½Π΅ исламского Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° для обоснования ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚Π° с ИндиСй. Разногласия ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ двумя странами способствовали ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠŸΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° основС противопоставлСния ΠΌΡƒΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠ°Π½ ΠΈ индусов нСсовмСстимости ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ систСм цСнностСй, враТСского ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π° Индии. Π’ ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅ с ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΠ²ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠΉ индийско-пакистанского противостояния стал Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ². Π˜Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ для пакистанских Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΡ… Π½Π° слуТбу ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ колониальной власти, Π²Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π° ΠΊ Индии ΠΈ индусскому насСлСнию Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π½Π΅Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°. Однако Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ события, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π» Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Британской Индии ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сил ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΡƒ, послСдовавшиС Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ столкновСния ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΌΡƒΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠ°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, индусами ΠΈ сикхами, пСрвая Индийско-пакистанская Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° способствовали появлСнию Ρƒ пакистанских ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ²-ΠΌΡƒΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠ°Π½ нСдовСрия ΠΊ индусам. Π“Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ воСннослуТащих стала открытая Π²Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊ послСдоватСлям ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ восприятиС ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚Π° с ИндиСй Π² Π΄ΡƒΡ…Π΅ «столкновСния Ρ†ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉΒ». НаглядноС ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ β€”Β  обоснованиС Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Ρ‹ Π·Π° ΠšΠ°ΡˆΠΌΠΈΡ€, которая прСподносится ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Π° Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅Π²-ΠΌΡƒΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠ°Π½ ΠΎΡ‚ индусского правлСния. ΠŸΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ Π² ΠŸΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ элСмСнтом государствСнности являСтся ислам, ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ установки стали Π½Π΅ΠΎΡ‚ΡŠΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ

    ГосударствСнноС Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² сСльском хозяйствС Π² условиях ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ импортозамСщСния

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    The relevance of the research is defined by the promotion of food security improvement for Russia and the importance of government regulation in this process. The purpose of the paper is the hypothesis verification on the positive impact of the revealed methods in the government tax regulation on the national agricultural industry development in conditions of import substitution policy with further increase of food security level in the country. The task of the paper is the analysis of government regulation methods for the development of agricultural sector. Key methods of the research are the collection and analysis of statistical data, their comparative analysis, the study of normative data base in tax regulation of agricultural sector and other documents related to the food security of the country. Authors analyze the dependence of national agricultural industry on import components. Based on that the main problems of food security in the country are revealed including the low seed fund, the lack of breeding stock, the lack of veterinarian vaccines and other medicine, weak investments in fixed capital and productive capacity, the lack of research institutes and laboratories in this sector of economy. In accordance with these reasons, authors consider the tools of government regulation in the agricultural sector of economy including the tax stimulation, grants and subsidies, preferential loans and other mechanisms, which could support the effective development of national agricultural complex. The analysis of statistical data by Federal Tax Service of Russia has indicated the effectiveness of government tax stimulation of agricultural producers, which is proved by the growth of tax revenue from this category of taxpayers, despite their decrease. Researchers indicate the development of government tax regulation measures by targeted use of tax tools for the target of a decrease in the loss of tax revenue and increase investments in fixed capital in the agricultural sector.ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ исслСдования опрСдСляСтся Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ укрСплСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ бСзопасности Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π² этом процСссС государствСнного рСгулирования. ЦСль Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ β€” ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ° Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Ρ‹ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ влиянии выявлСнных ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² государствСнного Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ рСгулирования Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ отСчСствСнного сСльского хозяйства Π² условиях ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ импортозамСщСния с ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ уровня ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ бСзопасности страны. Π—Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исслСдования являСтся Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² государствСнного рСгулирования Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ сСльского хозяйства. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ исслСдовании, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π² сСбя сбор ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ статистичСских Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΈΡ… ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π°Π³Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сСктора ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², связанных с ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ страны. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ отСчСствСнного сСльского хозяйства ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… поставок ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ происхоТдСния. На основС Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° выявлСны основныС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ бСзопасности страны, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ сСмСнной Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄ сСльского хозяйства, нСдостаток развития ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ скота, нСдостаток Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… лСкарств, слабыС инвСстиции Π² основной ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π» ΠΈ производствСнныС мощности Π² области сСльского хозяйства, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ нСдостаток Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… институтов ΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ сСкторС экономики. Π’ соотвСтствии с ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ инструмСнты государствСнного рСгулирования ΡΠ΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сСктора экономики, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС, Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ стимулированиС, Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ субсидии, Π»ΡŒΠ³ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ способствовали Π±Ρ‹ эффСктивному Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ отСчСствСнного Π°Π³Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ комплСкса. Анализ статистичСских Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ слуТбы России ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ государствСнного Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ стимулирования ΡΠ΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ подтвСрТдаСтся ростом Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… поступлСний ΠΎΡ‚ этой ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡ‰ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², нСсмотря Π½Π° сокращСниС ΠΈΡ… количСства. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ государствСнного Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ рСгулирования Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ видят Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ использовании Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… инструмСнтов, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ ΡΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ инвСстиции Π² основной ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π» Π² Π°Π³Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ комплСксС

    Ѐинансовая ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° государствСнной ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ отрасли микроэлСктроники Π² России Π² условиях санкций

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    The relevance of this study is determined by the need to develop the domestic semiconductors industry in Russia, taking into account the negative effects both internal and external.The purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis of the positive impact of the methods used by the state of financial support of domestic companies to acquire advanced technologies in a specific area in the context of a lack of funding and the significant lag of the national semiconductor industry in the world’s leading countries.The target of this study is the analysis of possible tools of state support, including subsidies and grants, and methods of their application for the creation of competitive industry of domestic semiconductor production.The key methods used in this study include the collection and processing of statistical data, their comparative analysis, as well as the elaboration of the regulatory framework on tax regulation in this sector of the economy.The main methods applied in this study are data collection and processing, comparative analysis, and the development of a regulatory framework for tax regulation in this sector of the economy. The authors analyzed the semiconductors industry in the world, including the production of microprocessors and other semiconductor components. The situation in countries such as China, USA, Japan, Europe, Taiwan, India and Russia is discussed in more detail. The main problems with semiconductor industry development in Russia have been revealed. Additionally, researchers have evaluated and outlined fields of federal budget spendings in the industry in the period of years 2022 and 2025.The scientific novelty of this paper is to identify the relationship between the measures of state tax incentives provided to the radio-electronic industry and macroeconomic indicators. Based on that authors have developed evaluation criteria of the relevance and efficiency of fiscal preferences for the analyzed industry which is considered as the result of research.It concluded that the state’s initiatives to promote the radio-electronics industry might provide Russia a chance to catch up to the world’s leading countries in this industry.ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ исслСдования опрСдСляСтся Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ развития отСчСствСнной отрасли микроэлСктроники Π² России с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ…, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ… эффСктов.ЦСлью являСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ° Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Ρ‹ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ влиянии ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… государством ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² финансовой ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ отСчСствСнных ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ для получСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ области Π² условиях нСдостатка финансирования ΠΈ сущСствСнного отставания Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ отрасли микроэлСктроники ΠΎΡ‚ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… стран ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π°.Π—Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исслСдования являСтся Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… инструмСнтов государствСнной ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ субсидии ΠΈ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡ… примСнСния с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ создания ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡƒΡ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ отрасли производства отСчСствСнной микроэлСктроники.ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ исслСдовании, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π² сСбя сбор ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ статистичСских Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΈΡ… ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ сСкторС экономики. Авторы ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ состояниС отрасли микроэлСктроники Π² ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π΅, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ производство микропроцСссоров ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ рассмотрСна ситуация Π² Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… странах, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠšΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΉ, БША, Япония, Π•Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°, Вайвань, Индия ΠΈ Россия. На основС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° выявлСны основныС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ развития отрасли микроэлСктроники Π² России. Π”Π°Π½Π° ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ выявлСны направлСния расходования срСдств Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ радиоэлСктронной ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 2022–2025 Π³Π³.Научная Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исслСдования Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² выявлСнии взаимосвязи ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ прСдоставляСмыми ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ государствСнного Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ стимулирования радиоэлСктронной ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΈ макроэкономичСскими показатСлями.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ вострСбованности ΠΈ эффСктивности Ρ„ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ для исслСдуСмого Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ.Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ государством ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ радиоэлСктронной ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ России шанс ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ отставаниС Π² этой отрасли ΠΎΡ‚ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… стран ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π°

    Federal Budget and State Fiscal Policy: Macroeconomic Adaptation until 2025

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    The article examines the modern concept of the state fiscal policy in Russia and the possibilities of its implementation through the federal budget in the face of new global challenges. To this end, the authors assessed the resource base of the federal budget of the Russian Federation, as well as the adequacy of measures of fiscal regulation of the current economic situation. In this regard, the authors evaluated the feasibility of the initial macroeconomic indicators underlying the parameters of the federal budget for 2023–2025, primarily its revenues, and the risks of their possible change. The authors associate the key risks of failure to achieve the stated goals of the budget and tax policy for the period 2023–2025 with a sharp reduction in the resource base of the federal budget, especially its oil and gas revenues in the context of worsening geopolitical tensions and increasing sanctions pressure on the Russian Federation. The study focuses on the justification of approaches to minimize the negative consequences of external shocks both for the subjects of the Russian economy and for public finances. In the course of the study, the authors used the methods of statistical data processing, factor modeling, regression analysis and expert evaluation. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the assessment of the impact of new global challenges on the balance of the Russian federal budget and substantiation of approaches to transform fiscal regulation measures in response to these challenges. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results in the development of state fiscal policy in the medium term under the conditions of dramatic changes in the scenario conditions of formation of the federal budget

    Optimal Monitoring of Position in Nonlinear Quantum Systems

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    We discuss a model of repeated measurements of position in a quantum system which is monitored for a finite amount of time with a finite instrumental error. In this framework we recover the optimum monitoring of a harmonic oscillator proposed in the case of an instantaneous collapse of the wavefunction into an infinite-accuracy measurement result. We also establish numerically the existence of an optimal measurement strategy in the case of a nonlinear system. This optimal strategy is completely defined by the spectral properties of the nonlinear system.Comment: 4 pages, REVTeX 3.0, 4 PostScript figure

    Urine continence function's recovery in patients after radical retropubic nerve sparing prostatectomy

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    In order to assess the role of nerve sparing surgery on urinary incontinence (Ul) after open radical retropubic prostatectomy (RPE) we evaluated a consecutive series of 209 patients from 2007 till 2010. In the first group (n = 106, average age 58,08+5,84, PSA median 8,93 ng/ml) the patients underwent RPE using uni- or bilateral nerve sparing technique; in the second group (n = 103, average age 60,37+5,22, PSA median 10,07 ng/ml) the nerve sparing technique was not applied. The continence was defined as the absence of urinary leak with the possible usage of one pad per day. Slight incontinence - 1-2 pads per day, medium - 3, severe - more than 3 pads per day. One year after surgery 97,26% and 90,43% patients were continent in 1 and 2 group, respectively. Slight stress incontinence was found in 2,74% and 9,57% patients. No patient had medium and severe stress incontinence. Thereby the incidence of incontinence after nerve sparing RPE is lower than after no nerve sparing one.Π‘ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ значСния Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ простатзктомии (Π ΠŸΠ—) Π² восстановлСнии удСрТания ΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΠΈ ΠΌΡ‹ обслСдовали 209 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с 2007 ΠΏΠΎ 2010 Π³. Π’ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ (n = 106, срСдний возраст 50,08+5,84, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π½Π° ПБА 8,93 Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ») Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° Π ΠŸΠ— с ΡƒΠ½ΠΈ- ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ. Π’ΠΎ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ (ΠΏ = 103, срСдний возраст 60,37+5,22, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π½Π° ПБА 10,07 Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ») нСрвосбСрСТСниС Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ. Π£Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ отсутствиС подтСкания с Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ использованиСм ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ Π² сутки Π² качСствС страховочной. НСдСрТаниС Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ стСпСни - 1 -2 ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ Π² дСнь, срСднСй - 3, тяТСлой - Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 3 Π² дСнь. Бпустя Π³ΠΎΠ΄ послС РПЭ 97,26% ΠΈ 90,43% ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Ρƒ Π² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ… 1 ΠΈ 2. Частота нСдСрТания ΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ стСпСни составила 2,74% ΠΈ 9,57%. Ни Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ нСдСрТания срСднСй ΠΈ тяТСлой стСпСни. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, выявлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ частота ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ использовании Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ РПЭ

    The role of neutrophils in cancer prognosis and possible points for therapeutic interventions

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    This review examines the complex role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of cancer. Neutrophil extracellular traps and the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes may indicate the degree of malignancy of the tumor and have great prognostic value. Neutrophils, as well as the impact on their metabolic pathways, are a promising direction in cancer immunotherapy.Π’ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ рассмотрСна слоТная Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΠΉΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° ΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡŒ злокачСствСнности ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ большоС прогностичСскоС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. НСйтрофилы, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ воздСйствиС Π½Π° ΠΈΡ… мСтаболичСскиС ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ пСрспСктивным Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ°

    The ratio of oncogenic and anti-oncogenic potencies of neutrophils in the development of cancer. The role of neutrophils in metastasis, prognosis and possible points for therapeutic interventions

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    This review examines the complex role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of cancer. Neutrophils make an ambiguous contribution to the development of the tumor process: on the one hand, they promote tumor growth, metastasis and invasion, support tumor angiogenesis, promoting the spread of the disease, however, on the other hand, neutrophils restrain and limit tumor growth due to expressed tumor necrosis factors, reactive oxygen species and induction of various chemokines and cytokines.Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ рассмотрСна слоТная Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. НСйтрофилы вносят Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса β€” с ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ стороны, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ росту ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°ΡΡ‚Π°Π·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·, содСйствуя Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ заболСвания, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ стороны, Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Ρ‹ ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ рост ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π° счСт экспрСссируСмых Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ кислорода ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ…Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²
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