Variability of the structure of winter microbial communities in Chelyabinsk lakes

Microorganisms form complex and dynamic communities that play a key role in the biogeochemical cycles of lakes. A high level of urbanization is currently a serious threat to bacterial communities and the ecosystem of freshwater bodies. To assess the contribution of anthropogenic load to variations in the structure of winter microbial communities in lakes, microorganisms of four water bodies of Chelyabinsk region were studied for the first time. We used cultural, chromatography-mass spectrometric, and modern methods of statistical data processing (particularly, multivariate exploratory analysis and canonical analysis of correspondences). The research showed that the composition of winter microbial communities in lakes Chebarkul’, Smolino, Pervoye, and Shershenevskoye Reservoir did not differ significantly between the main phyla of microorganisms. The dominant microorganisms were found to be of the Firmicutes phylum and Actinobacteria phylum. The structure of bacterial communities had special features depending on the characteristics of the water body and the sampling depths. Thus, in the lakes Smolino, Pervoye, and Shershenevskoye Reservoir, an important role was played by associations between microorganisms – indicators of fecal contamination: coliform bacteria and Enterococcus. On the contrary, in Chebarkul’ Lake, members of the genus Bacillus, which are natural bioremediators, formed stable winter associations. However, the differences between water bodies and sampling depths reflected 28.1% and 9.8% of the variability of the winter microbial communities, respectively. The largest contribution (about 60%) to the variability of the structure was made by intra-water processes, which determined the high heterogeneity of samples from different water areas. We assume that an important role in this variability was played by the high anthropogenic impact in a large industrial metropolis. In our opinion, this line of research is very promising for addressing key environmental issues

Saliva versus plasma cytokines as possible predictors of autism severity

The autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are now widely accepted as a pervasive, complex, heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders with multiple etiologies, subtypes, and developmental trajectories. There are no available and effective biomarkers for them. Immune dysfunction is seen as an important risk factor contributing to the neurodevelopmental deficit in ASD, and is signified, among other things, by an imbalance of cytokines in the brain and on the periphery. In recent years, saliva has been proposed as a biological material for diagnosing ASD, due to the accessibility and non-invasiveness of the method for its production. However, the question of whether salivary cytokine levels may be used as effective early biomarkers for autism requires further research, including saliva versus plasma/serum comparisons.Aim: a comparative analysis of the levels of cytokines: IL-6, IFNγ, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, in saliva and blood plasma to identify possible markers of ASD and their severity in children.The study included 11 children with typical neurodevelopment (TDC) and 55 children with ASD, among whom 37 children had mild or moderate autism (according to CARS), and 18 children had severe autism. Samples of unstimulated mixed saliva and venous blood were simultaneously collected from all children. Salivary concentrations of cytokines: IL-6, IFNγ, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10 were determined by multiplex Luminex™ analysis. Plasma levels of cytokines were assessed by ELISA. Differences between groups were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis U-test with post-hoc Conover-Inman comparisons, between samples (saliva/ plasma) are using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The correlation between the concentrations of cytokines in plasma and saliva was determined using linear regression by the RMA method.In all examined groups, the levels of IL-6, IFNγ and IL-10 in saliva were significantly lower, and TNFα, IL-1β and IL-4 were higher than the corresponding levels of the same cytokines in plasma. Regardless of health/ disease status, no significant correlations were found between salivary and plasma cytokine levels in children. IL-1β levels were significantly lower and IL-10 levels were higher in the saliva of both groups of children with ASD compared with TDC. No significant differences in salivary cytokine concentrations were found between children with mild and severe ASD.Thus, salivary cytokines can be used as markers of ASD in children, but not the severity of the condition. The absence of correlations in the levels of some pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines between saliva and blood plasma may probably indicate a special immunological status of an ecological niche, the oral cavity

Consumer lending in тне Russian Federation: соntеnt, problems and development prospects

The final qualifying work (master's thesis) is devoted to the study of consumer lending in the Russian Federation, its problems and development prospects. The subject of the research is economic relations arising in the process of organizing consumer lending. The main purpose of the master's thesis is to analyze consumer lending in the current economic situation in the Russian Federation, identifying the main problems and development prospects. In conclusion, the proposed main methods aimed at the efficiency of growth in consumer lending of the Bank and calculated the economic efficiency of the proposed measures.Выпускная квалификационная работа (магистерская диссертация) посвящена исследованию потребительского кредитования в Российской Федерации, его проблемам и перспективам развития. Предметом исследования выступают экономические отношения, возникающие в процессе организации потребительского кредитования. Основной целью магистерской диссертации является анализ потребительского кредитования в условиях современной экономической ситуации в Российской Федерации, выявление основных проблем и перспектив развития. В заключении предложены основные методы, направленные на эффективность роста потребительского кредитования Банка и рассчитана экономическая эффективность предложенных мер

ROLE OF COMBINED THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH INFERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE FAILURES

Introduction. Inflammatory gynecological disease is among the major causes of recurrent implantation failures (RIF). In hysteroscopy, chronic endometritis (CE) is diagnosed in one of three women with reproductive dysfunction. Search for novel therapeutic strategies aimed at improving the endometrium condition to overcome the RIF, remains an important goal of reproductive medicine.Aims of the study: 1) identify clinical markers of infertility and RIF; 2) characterize the structural and functional changes in the endometrium of women with infertility and RIF; 3) test the efficacy of the proposed combined therapy in correcting of «uterine factor» of infertility in women with previous in vitro fertilization (IVF) failures.Materials and methods. This cohort retrospective study included 154 patients: Group 1 – 87 women with the tubal factor of infertility; Group 2 – 67 women with adenomyosis. The inclusion criteria: age < 45, ≥ 2 previous IVF failures, the absence of severe non-gynecological disease. After detailed clinical and laboratory examination, we initiated a series of measures for endometrial rehabilitation by using: non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (if indicated); tissue regeneration (physiotherapy); immune modulators; improvement of blood rheology; fibrinolytic medication (conjugated hyaluronidase «Longidase», Petrovax Pharm, Russia).Results. In women with the tubal factor of infertility, CE was diagnosed significantly more often (р < 0.05) than in patients with adenomyosis; and in women with adenomyosis, the prevalent (compared to CE) diagnoses were endometrial hyperplasia, intrauterine synechiae and decreased uterine perfusion (р < 0.05). In CE, under-expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors of the endometrium was found in 56.5% cases – significantly more often (р < 0.05) than in patients with adenomyosis. Upon the completion of the proposed therapy, the endometrium thickness was significantly greater in patients with adenomyosis (7.6 ± 1.5 mm versus 11.1 ± 1.3 mm; р < 0.05); in 93.1% of the patients, the sex hormone receptors were restored; in 96.8% of these women, normal uterine perfusion was found. Clinical and morphological signs of CE disappeared in 50% of the treated patients. In this group, the pregnancy rate was 57.1%.Conclusion. Morphologic and functional improvements of the endometrium increase the pregnancy rate in women with the «uterine factor» of infertility. We consider the administration of conjugated hyaluronidase «Longidase» a major factor of the proposed combined therapy. The drug is characterized by fibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory activities. This combined therapeutic approach is expected to contribute to the treatment of RIF

Тне intranatal causes of grave condition at premature newborns

In this article we present statistic analysis of delivery tactic in premature labors. The newborns of those mothers who took the tocolitical therapy and prevention of RDS were needed in artificial pulmonary ventilation accordingly in 3,3-5,0 and twice times rarer